Everything has a Name Elements can combine to form millions of different compounds The tiniest units of a compound that still retains the characteristics of the compound are: molecules or formula units composed of charged atoms i.e. ions

Molecular Compounds are substances that are composed of a single kind of molecule. their molecules are made up of 2 or more atoms that act as a unit the units are electrically neutral have low melting and low boiling points exist as solids, liquids or gases at room temperature

Ions and Ionic Compounds not all compounds are molecular some compounds are made up of formula units that are groups of charged particles called ions an ion forms when an atom gives up or accepts one or more electrons

Positive Ions Metal atoms tend to lose electrons and become positively charged i.e. cations e.g. Li Li+1 lithium atom lithium ion p+ = p + = e - = e - = n0 = n0 =

+1

Negative Ions Nonmetallic atoms tend to gain electrons and become negatively charged i.e. anions e.g. Cl Cl-1 chlorine atom chloride ion p+ = p + = e - = e - = n0 = n0 =

-1

Positive Ions Mg Mg+2 magnesium atom magnesium ion p+ = p + = e - = e - = n0 = n0 =

+2

Negative Ions O O-2 oxygen atom oxide ion p+ = p + = e - = e - = n0 = n0 =

-2

Naming Positive Ions The name of the cation is the same as the name of the element plus the term ion magnesium magnesium ion lithium lithium ion

Naming Negative Ions The name of the anion uses the root of the element and the ending -ide plus ion oxygen oxide ion fluorine fluoride ion

+2, +3 +1, +2

Multivalent Ions Metal Ions with more than one charge Metal Ions with More than One Ionic Charge - (Inner Transition and Metalloids) Symbol Stock Name Classical Name Cr+2 chromium (II) ion chromous ion Cr+3 chromium (III) ion chromic ion Mn+2 manganese (II) ion manganous ion Mn+3 manganese (III) ion manganic ion Fe+2 iron (II) ion ferrous ion Fe+3 iron (III) ion ferric ion Co+2 cobalt (II) ion cobaltous ion Co+3 cobalt (III) ion cobaltic ion Cu+1 copper (I) ion cuprous ion Cu+2 copper (II) ion cupric ion Hg+1 mercury (I) ion mercurus ion Hg+2 mercury (II) ion mercuric ion Sn+2 tin (II) ion stannous ion Sn+4 tin (IV) ion stannic ion Pb+2 lead (II) ion plumbous ion Pb+4 lead (IV) ion plumbic ion

Practice Naming Simple Ions

Polyatomic Ions Collections of tightly bound atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge examples SO3-2 sulfite ion SO4-2  sulfate ion NO2 -2  nitrite ion NO3-1  nitrate ion ClO2-1  chlorite ion ClO3-1  chlorate ion

Complicated Ions Polyatomic Ions Formula Name H2PO4-1 dihydrogen phosphate ion PO3-3 phosphite ion PO4-3 phosphate ion C2H3O2-1 acetate ion HSO3-3 hydrogen sulfite ion HSO4-4 hydrogen sulfate ion HCO3-1 hydrogen carbonate ion NO2-1 nitrite ion NO3-1 nitrate ion CN-1 cyanide ion OH-1 hydroxide ion MnO4-1 permanganate ion ClO-1 hypochlorite ion ClO2-1 chlorite ion ClO3-1 chlorate ion ClO4-1 perchlorate ion HPO4-2 hydrogen phosphate ion C2O4-2 oxalate ion SO3-2 sulfite ion SO4-2 sulfate ion CO3-2 carbonate ion CrO4-2 chromate ion Cr2O7-2 dichromate ion SiO3-2 silicate ion IO2-1 iodite ion NH4+1 ammonium ion Complicated Ions Polyatomic Ions

Complicated Ions Common Acids Common Acids Formula Name HCl hydrochloric acid H2CO3 carbonic acid H3PO4 phosphoric acid HC2H3O2 or CH3COOH acetic acid   H2SO4 sulfuric acid HNO3 nitric acid

Practice Naming Polyatomic Ions and Acids