4 Lecture Notes Infectious and Communicable Diseases Classroom Activity to Accompany Diseases of the Human Body Fifth Edition Carol D. Tamparo Marcia A. Lewis

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What is to give light must endure burning. —Victor Frankl

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Infectious disease is caused by a microorganism that can transfer to new individuals Communicable disease is readily transmitted from one individual to another

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Pandemics H1N1(swine flu): mixture of pig, bird, and human viruses Escherichia coli: bacteria in intestinal tract of humans and animals Lyme disease: caused by tick-borne spirochete West Nile virus: comes from an infected mosquito that causes encephalitis in horses and humans

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Pandemics (cont.) Malaria: protozoa from an infected mosquito; parasites travel to liver; change to merozites that enter and destroy red blood cells Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): viral respiratory illness

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Which term refers to a disease that is readily transmitted from one individual to another? Communicable Pandemic Infectious Noninfectious

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Infectious disease as potential weapons Anthrax: acute bacterial infection that can occur in three forms Cutaneous, intestinal, or inhalation Botulism: bacteria that causes muscle paralysis Plague (pneumonic): bacteria that spreads through respiratory secretions

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Infectious disease as potential weapons (cont.) Smallpox (variola): variola pox virus spreads through respiratory secretion Tularemia (rabbit or deer-fly fever): bacteria that causes pneumonia-like infection Viral hemorrhagic fevers: highly infectious viruses that damage multiple organ systems

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Viral infections Common cold: virus of upper respiratory tract; also called coryza Influenza: acute viral infection of the respiratory system Multidrug-resistant organisms Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Immunosuppressant diseases Chronic fatigue syndrome: persistent, debilitating fatigue; also called benign myalgic encephalomyelitis HIV infection/AIDS: viral infection that destroys the T4 lymphocytes

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Infectious and communicable diseases of childhood and adolescence Infectious diarrheal disease: generally transmitted through fecal-oral route; 20 million cases a year Rubeola (measles): highly communicable respiratory infection; prevented by vaccine

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Infectious and communicable diseases of childhood and adolescence (cont.) Rubella (3-day measles): caused by rubella virus characterized by fever and rash; dangerous to pregnant women Mumps: characterized by fever and inflammation of the parotid salivary glands caused by mumps paramyxovirus; prevented by vaccine

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Infectious and communicable diseases of childhood and adolescence (cont.) Varicella (chickenpox): varicella-zoster virus causes rash that goes from macule to papule to vesicles then crusts; prevented by vaccine; happens as shingles in later life Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease): caused by human parvovirus B19; transmitted by respiratory secretions characterized by facial rash

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Infectious and communicable diseases of childhood and adolescence (cont.) Pertussis (whooping cough): bacteria causes highly infectious respiratory disease with a repetitious, paroxysmal cough and prolonged harsh or shrill sound during inhalation; prevented by vaccine

Infectious and Communicable Diseases Immunizations: protection against certain communicable disease Vaccine: suspension of infectious agents, components of the agents, or genetically engineered antigens given for purpose of establishing resistance to an infectious disease Two general classes of vaccines Live attenuated agent Inactivated agents obtained through genetic mutation

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