Chapter 4 Notes Cell Reproduction 1.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Notes Cell Reproduction 1

Mitosis – when the nucleus of a cell divides to form 2 identical cells. Mitosis clip

Chromosome – Structure in the nucleus that contains DNA Chromosome – Structure in the nucleus that contains DNA. Centromere – holds chromosomes together.

5 Phases in Mitosis 1. Interphase – nucleus can be seen, chromosomes duplicating themselves.

2. Prophase – chromosome pairs are visible, centrioles move to opposite ends.

3. Metaphase – chromosome pairs line up across center and attach to spindle fibers.

4. Anaphase – strands of chromosomes pulled apart and move to opposite ends of each other.

5. Telophase – The cytoplasm of both cells begins to separate. Mitosis clip

Sexual Reproduction & Meiosis

Diploid – cell that has 46 chromosomes (body cells) Haploid – cell that has 23 chromosomes (sex cells) Zygote – when egg and sperm combine (start of life) Zygote Development Stages of embryo Zygote

Meiosis – When the nucleus divides to make sex cells. Meiosis clip Meiosis – When the nucleus divides to make sex cells.

4 Phases in Meiosis I Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I

4 Phases in Meiosis II Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II

Asexual Reproduction – new organisms are produced by one parent. Video asexual reproduction

3 Kinds of Asexual Reproduction 1. Fission – division of organism into 2 equal parts.

2. Budding – new organism grows from the parent. Hydra Budding

3. Regeneration- making new body parts. Video :23 3. Regeneration- making new body parts. Starfish

DNA

DNA

DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid

Rosalind Franklin was the first person to discover DNA. Video stop at 2:37 Rosalind Franklin was the first person to discover DNA. The 1st DNA model was made by Watson and Crick. DNA is made up of 4 nitrogen bases Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

Genes A section of DNA on chromosomes.

How DNA Copies Itself Step 1: enzyme breaks the nitrogen bases. 2 strands separate Step 2: bases pair up with new bases Step 3: sugar and phosphate form the sides of DNA.

Bad Mutation Unusual Bad Mutations

Good Mutation

Brain Pop: DNA Mutation – any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell.

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