6th TLI Symposium Trademark Law and Other Rights in Distinctive Signs (30 October 2015) _________________________ Registered Trade Marks and Unregistered Trade Names & Trade Signs in Civil Law Countries Jean-Luc Piotraut Deputy Director of François Gény Institute University of Lorraine

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries I. – Introduction

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries • Charter of the French Language of the Canadian Province of Quebec: - Article 58: Public signs and posters and commercial advertising must be in French (…). - Article 63: The name of an enterprise must be in French.

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Contributions of International and EU Law to TNs & TSs Regulations   • Major Principles Laid down by International Treaties - Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property See: Articles 8, 9, 10bis, and 11 - TRIPS Agreement See: - Articles 2(1) and 16(1) - WTO Appellate Body, DS176 (Havana Club), “US — Section 211 Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1998” [2002] - ECJ, case C-245/02, Anheuser Bush v. Budějovický Budvar [2004]

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Contributions of International and EU Law to TNs & TSs Regulations (cont’d) • Main EU Acts - TMD See: Article 4 [Further grounds for refusal or invalidity concerning conflicts with earlier rights] - CTMR See: Articles 8(4) [Relative grounds for refusal]

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Types of Unregistered TNs & TSs in Civil Law Countries Unregistered Trade Mark (“marque d’usage”) Business Name (“nom commercial”) Company Name (“dénomination sociale”) Shop Sign (“enseigne”)

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Remedies for TNs & TSs Infringement Action for TM Infringement Unfair Competition Criminal Penalties

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries II. – Access to Protection of Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs & TSs in Civil Law Countries

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Subject Matter Main Characters

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Formalities Registered Trade Mark => Registration with the TM Office Business Name and Shop Sign => 1st Use Commercial Name - Prerequisite for Protection - Protection Effectiveness

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Substantive Conditions Distinctive Character No Violation of Public Order or Accepted Principles of Morality No Deceptiveness No Existing Prior Right

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries III. – Rights conferred by Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs & TSs in Civil Law Countries

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Nature of the Conferred Rights

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Types of Exclusive Rights • Prevention of Registration of a Later TM - Later National TM See: - ECJ, case 529/07, Lindt & Sprüngli v. Frans Hauswirth [2009] - ECJ, case C-320/12, Malaysia Dairy Ind. v. Danish Patent & TM Appeal Board [2013] - Later Community TM See: - ECJ, case 96/09-P, Anheuser Bush v. Budějovický Budvar [2011] - EU General Court, case T-304/09, Tilda Riceland Private [2012]

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Types of Exclusive Rights (cont’d) • Prevention of Use of a Later Name or Sign - Earlier Registered TM See: - ECJ, case 23/01, Robelco v. Robeco [2002] - ECJ, case C-206/01, Arsenal Football Club v. Reed [2002] - ECJ, case C-17/06, Céline Sarl v. Céline SA [2007] - Earlier Unregistered TN/TS

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Types of Exclusive Rights (cont’d) • Limitation on TM Rights See: - TMD, Article 6(1)(a) - TMD, Article 6(2) - French IP Code, Article L.713-6(a)

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Scope of Legal Protection Protection for a Certain Business Activity Protection in a Certain Territory

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Duration of Rights • General Term of Protection • Termination of Rights Due to Acquiescence • Revocation for Non-Use of a Registered TM

Registered TMs and Unregistered TNs/TSs in Civil Law Countries Thank you for your attention!