Integrity and Ethics Achala Dahal Professional Course on Management and Development- 2075 Achala Dahal

Presentation outline Public sector integrity and ethics Ethical and Unethical Behaviour Integrity leader/builder

Public officials are expected to make decisions and act solely in the public interest - not allowing decisions or actions to be influenced by personal or private interests. Public institutions have to deliver public service efficiently and effectively to build public trust.

Building trust through the provision of services that are of high quality. Responsiveness, accountability, honesty, loyalty and fairness are vital to gain public trust. Let us see how we are ...

स्थिति / प्रवृति ... व्यवसायीद्वारा साल्ट ट्रेडिङलाई चिनीको बिक्रि रोक्न दबाव २०७३/३/२१ गते बल्खु फलफुल तथा तरकारी बजार अनुगमन गर्न गएको मन्त्रि समेतको टोलीलाई Tampered Weighing Machine Seal गरेको बिरोधमा हातपात सरकारले क्षमता भन्दा बढी यात्रु नबोक्न निर्देशन दिएको बिरोधमा चितवनमा यातायात व्यबशायीहरुले विध्यार्थीहरुलाई सवारी चढ्न रोक कृषकद्वारा तरकारीमा विषादीको प्रयोग मन्त्रीहरुले नियुक्ति पाएको १५ दिन भित्र सार्वजनिक गर्नु पर्ने सम्पति विवरण बुझाएका छैनन् संसद बैठकमा गणपुरक संख्या नपुग्दा बैठक रद्द

कार्यालय उपकरण / सामाग्री व्यक्तिगत काममा प्रयोग वरिष्ठ कर्मचारीहरु कार्यालय समयमा लोक सेवा आयोगमा उत्तर पुस्तिका परिक्षण गर्ने उप-सचिव सम्मको सरुवा सचिवले गर्ने अधिकार छ, तर नगरी नियम संशोधन कार्यालय समय १० – ५, तर कर्मचारी ढिलो आउने र चाडै जाने धारामा पानि नआयपनि महशुल तिर्नु पर्दछ सडकका अवस्था ट्याक्सी भाडा – मिटर र तिर्नुपर्ने रकम सातजनाको हत्यामा संलग्न भारतीय सिरिअल किलर मुस्तकिम भनिने मो. रइस मियाँले बंशजका आधारमा नागरिकता र सप्तरी बाट २ र सिराहाबाट १ राहदानी लिएको – कान्तिपुर, २०७३/५/२२

संसदबाट खाजा र चिया बन्दपछी कतिपय संसदीय समितिमा चिया Self-service निर्वाचन आयोगले प्रचलित कानुन बमोजिम आयव्ययसहितको बार्षिक प्रतिबेदन नबुझाउने ८२ राजनीतिक दललाई जरिवाना संसदबाट खाजा र चिया बन्दपछी कतिपय संसदीय समितिमा चिया Self-service म्याग्दीमा सेना र पर्यटकले साँघु बनाय गिद्द संरक्षणमा नेपालको प्रशंसा धनगढीको राधाकृष्ण सामुदायिक वन स्थानीयको अथक प्रयासपछि हराभरा र घना जंगल कान्तिपुर,२२/८/२०७३ राहतमा रजाई: हेलिकोप्टर भाडाका लागि भन्दै प्रत्त्येक पिडित परिवार बाट एक हजारका दरले लाखौ असुली किमाथांका नाकासम्म सडक विस्तारलाई तिब्रता दिन मंगलबार हेलिकप्टर बाट डोजर र ट्रयाक्टर पुर्यार्इएको छ

Let us define integrity Work in group Present your thoughts in picture/ diagram/symbol to explain what does Public sector integrity mean to you and your workspace. Each group have 10 minutes to prepare and 5 minutes to present.

Public sector ethics and integrity Public ethics refers to the collection of values and norms, moral standards or principles that form the foundation of integrity. Civil servant integrity Commitment to work Competency and ethical character Transparency, trust and trustworthiness Public or organisation integrity is that set of characteristics that justify trustworthiness and generate trust among stakeholders. (Integrity Action, 2016).

Public sector ethics and integrity: critical aspects Publicness in public service Capacity of public sector Healthy governance Effective prevention Sharp detection Robust prosecution and recovery Culture of integrity in public service Motivated primarily by money or professional fulfilment Sense of ownership: attachment, team sprit, proudness, …

Video हरेक व्यक्तिले सार्वजानिक क्षेत्रमा सदाचारलाई आ- आफ्नो तारिकाले बुझ्छन् र विष्लेशण पनि गर्छन् । Integrity Idol 2014, Gyan Mani Nepal Integrity Idol Nepal, 2017 Finalist Shesh Narayan Poudel.mp4

Ethical vs unethical behaviour Group work: Video Case Watch the video case and discuss: Your group’s opinion regarding ethical and unethical behaviour in the video? Did you find any ethical behaviour of service provider/service receiver? Did you find any unethical behaviour of service provider/service receiver? Make notes and be prepared to share findings. Time 15 mins for discussion continued with presentation

Ethics and ethical behaviour A set of moral principles and standards of “right” behavior and conduct. Right or wrong, good or bad in actions that affects others. A group of moral principles or set of values that define or direct us to the right choice.

A set of norms to show ideal human behavior in society. Higher ethical standard and practices are critical in administering work to gain public trust. Ethical behavior is the standards that you hold for yourself of the attributes of honesty, responsibility, and how you treat others in all facets of your life.

Creating strategies to promote integrity Group work: Designing strategy Work in 4 groups and use Activity Sheet. Discuss and work to: Design strategies to promote integrity and ethical behaviour amongst civil servants to improve the public services. Prepare notes on paper, and be prepared to share the findings.

Key learning points Capacity enhancement of public institutions—physical, resource base, human resource, role clarity etc. Compliance to rule of law: strong regulative and legal enforcement mechanisms, Promotion of ethical culture: norms, values and standards are set, Development of good personal behaviour— attitudinal (intention) change

Key Learning points Citizens are entitled to receive public services and have rights to hold civil servants accountable. Civil servants need to understand work culture, values and maintain integrity better service delivery. The human cost of unaccountable governance is manifolds higher (especially to WPEs) than the economic cost. A single person can make the difference if he/she holds him/herself with integrity.

Integrity Leader Think of an ideal person who you find with high integrity. Why? Please share some of his/her characteristics.

Integrity Leader  Integrity leader is the concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes. It connotes a deep commitment to do the right thing for the right reason, regardless of the circumstances. Integrity leader is necessary condition for Integrity Building but we need something more.

Integrity builder is someone who build on - Establishing culture beyond compliance in an organisation. Building a culture of high ethical standards that are reflected in day- to-day practice. Constructing culture based on ethical behaviour.

Core Characteristics of Toxic Leader 1. Commitment to public interest 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Core Characteristics of Popular and Self-serving Leader 1. Commitment to public interest 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Core Characteristics of Integrity Builder 1. Commitment to public interest 2. Incorruptibility 4. Experimentation 3. Consistency of goal 6. Institutional intelligence 5. Competence

Integrity building: compliance v/s integrity When going on the journey of integrity leader has to choose various approaches Based on compliance (reactive and proactive) Based on integrity building (reactive and proactive)

Compliance Approach  A Compliance Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being: • Rules-based • Focused mainly on the application and enforcement of rules and procedures • Adversarial: naming, shaming, litigation • Problem-focused • Less Discretion

Integrity Approach:  The Integrity Approach to reducing corruption and/or solving integrity or ethical challenges is characterized by being: Values-based Aware of discrepancies between policies, rules and laws, and actual implementation of them Collaboration-focused to get violators to fix the problems by working with integrity, using conflict resolution methods, especially alternative dispute resolution methods . Solution-focused More discretion.

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups. Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Business Collective Action Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Business Collective Action Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Integrity vs Compliance Reactive Proactive Compliance training Integrity testing Zero tolerance policy Code of Conduct Supplier “white lists” Rewards to whistle-blowers Integrity Pact Medium return, Medium risk Community Integrity Building Multi-stakeholder initiatives with oversight Integrity as competitive differentiator Holistic/step change High return, High risk Whistle-blower hotline Whistle-blower protection Supplier “black lists” Low return, Low risk Ethics advice center Ethics officer Code of Ethics Compliance-plus ethics Low return, Low risk The Integrity Pact, developed by Transparency International, is a tool for preventing corruption, mainly used in public contracting. It is essentially an agreement between the government agency offering a contract and the companies bidding for it, that they will abstain from bribery, collusion and other corrupt practices for the extent of the contract.  Most Integrity Pacts rely on digitally-based procedures to prevent direct contact between bidders with their bids, and the persons involved in the decision-making process.  To ensure accountability, Integrity Pacts also include a monitoring system typically led by civil society or other external groups. Compliance Integrity Adopted from Integrity Action

Conclusion No single way or quadrants is enough. But everyone base their action based on one way and move to and fro. Integrity leader based their efforts being on reactive compliance to proactive integrity and Integrity builder based their approach based on proactive integrity and use reactive compliance as on means when necessary.

Thank you