LO: To assess the impact of the Revolutions on Russia Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able to… Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A*

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* Task: Once you have written Your title and date… How radical was this Man?

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* The 1905 Revolution - Grew out of defeats in Russo-Japanese War - Russia may have avoided revolution if they Had not provoked Japanese (Ascher) July 1904 Minister of Interior Plehve is Assassinated, met by public indifference. Opposition begin to hold political meetings Calling for change. Press favourable to “banquet” meetings, Shows weakness of government. Trade with east was disrupted, need to Prioritise military affected factories and jobs. Winter 1904-5 saw unemployment and food Prices rising. Revolution begins 4 workers at Putilov steel works sacked in Jan – 100,000 go out on strike! Situation in St Petersburg tense, Father Gapon organises a petition and march. 150,000 carrying icons and pictures of Tsar set off. Peaceful and well dressed! At Winter Palace are charged by Cavalry and troops. 130 killed, 300 wounded. “In that one vital moment the popular myth of a good Tsar which had sustained Regime through the centuries was suddenly destroyed!” - Orlando Figes.

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* Short Term impact – revolution develops Disorder in the form of strikes, demonstrations, riots and vandalism spreads. Left and Right wing roam cities, vigilante groups fight each other. Cause for Liberal reform pushed, many leading socialists in exile in Europe. Peasants seized grain and animals, army refuses to intervene. Poland in state of virtual civil war, unrest in Baltic states. Battle of Tsushima only adds to pressure on Tsar. 14th June mutiny on the battleship Potemkin over conditions and food. September General Strike called, 2m workers out, St Petersburg Soviet formed. Tsarist Response Witte says to choose between repression and reform. NII argues for a Military dictatorship, but council of ministers force October Manifesto. Tsars uncle threatens to shoot himself unless Nicholas agreed. October Manifesto grants freedom of speech, press and association, also Duma. Constitutional Democrats and Octobrists are formed, growth of radicalism. New Minister of Interior has crackdown in December, St Petersburg Soviet Arrested. Government halves peasant redemption payments, land bank reissued. 15,000 executed and 45,000 deported in countryside. “Stolypins Necktie”

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* Why did Tsarism survive 1905? What was its significance? Broadly the army remained loyal, military reforms helped. War ended with Japan swiftly, troops could come back from front. Government effectively used brutal repressive measures. October Manifesto split opposition groups. Violence and criminality of 1905 scared middle classes. Revolutionary parties not ready for revolution in 1905. Witte secured a huge loan from France in 1906, that stabilised Economy at crucial moment. Bond between Tsar and people broken. Taste of reform only encouraged many.

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* What was the Impact of the February Revolution? Regiments tired by war and unwilling to fire on compatriots refused to Follow orders. Belief by most historians that if war had not intervened, Russia may well Have developed into a modern state. Others point to underlying weaknesses. Provisional government in temporary power until elections. System of Dual power between PG and Petrograd Soviet. Tsarist officials and secret police disbanded and arrested. Freedom of Press ,speech and religious freedom guaranteed. Free elections with universal suffrage provided. Unable or unwilling to stop war, many old elites still in charge.

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* What was the impact of the October Revolution? Establishment of SOVNARKOM Constituent Assembly abolished. Decree on Peace, Land and Workers Control. Censorship of the press, opposition banned, CHEKA set up. Measures on equality and abolition of titles, eight hour day and Social insurance. - Russian Civil War and War Communism.

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia

LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia Describe the revolutions of 1905 and 1917 E-D Explain how they changed nature of Russia C-B Judge how far they effected change A-A* LO: To assess the impact of The Revolutions on Russia