Created by Article II of the Constitution THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Created by Article II of the Constitution PRESIDENTIAL POWERS PRESIDENTIAL ROLES PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION

POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT MILITARY POWERS EXECUTIVE POWERS LEGISLATIVE POWERS DIPLOMATIC POWERS JUDICIAL POWERS

EXECUTIVE POWERS EXECUTIVE POWERS ARE THOSE POWERS THE PRESIDENT HAS AND USES TO MAKE SURE THAT FEDERAL LAW IS CARRIED OUT. THEY INCLUDE: EXECUTING THE LAW APPOINTING POWER ORDINANCE POWER REMOVAL POWER

EXECUTING THE LAW THE PRESIDENT HAS THE JOB, RESPONSIBILITY AND DUTY TO MAKE SURE THAT ALL LAWS ARE ENFORCED AND ADMINISTERED, AS PER THE CONSTITUTION: ARTICLE II, SECTION 1, CLAUSE 8 (THE PRESIDENTIAL OATH) ARTCLE II, SECTION 3, CALLED THE “TAKE CARE” POWER

The ORDINANCE POWER * The President has the power to issue executive orders. *EXECUTIVE ORDER A directive, rule, or regulation that has the effect of law. (While the order is not an actual law, it is treated like one).

THE APPOINTING POWER The President has the power to appoint nearly three million federal civilian employees. Once the President receives the consent of the Senate, he appoints most of the top-ranking officials in the Federal Government. Some examples are: federal judges cabinet members heads of independent agencies Officers of the military.

THE REMOVAL POWER *The President can remove anyone from office who he has appointed. *The only restriction on this power is that the President cannot remove Supreme Court Justices from the bench. *Three major reasons for removal are: inefficiency in office, neglect of duty, or inappropriate behavior.

POWER OF EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS DIPLOMATIC POWERS THE PRESIDENTS DIPLOMATIC POWERS ARE AMONG HIS MOST POWERFUL. THEY INCLUDE: POWER TO MAKE TREATIES POWER OF EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS POWER OF RECOGNITION

POWER TO MAKE TREATIES *treaty=formal agreement between two or more sovereign states *The President usually negotiates treaties through the Secretary of State. *The Senate must give approval for these international agreements with a 2/3 vote.

POWER OF EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS Executive Agreements are like treaties in that they are agreements between the President and foreign leaders or their subordinates. They are different in that they do not require the approval of the Senate. They usually stem out of previous legislation, or a previous treaty.

THE POWER OF RECOGNITION *The President, representing the United States, acknowledges the legal existence of that country and its government. *This recognition is not permanent. It can change with revolutions or changes in government. *This recognition can make or break the survival of a new country.

MILITARY POWERS *During wartime, POTUS can make critical decisions he feels is necessary for wartime AS COMMANDER AND CHIEF. *POTUS has the power to send troops into combat, without approval by Congress for up to 60 days. War Powers Act of 1973 *Also, the President can use troops for domestic peace within the United States.

LEGISLATIVE POWERS *POTUS possesses the power to submit OR RECOMMEND ideas to Congress. *POTUS gives a “State of the Union” address each year, where he presents ideas for new legislation to Congress. POTUS ALSO HAS: THE POWER OF VETO *FINALLY POTUS HAS THE POWER TO CALL SPECIAL SESSIONS OF CONGRESS IF A PRESSING MATTER OCCOURS. like Health Care….

THE POWER OF VETO *When a bill is presented to the President, he can do one of four things: 1. Sign it and pass the law, 2. Veto the law, 3. While Congress is in session, he can not touch the bill and it will pass in 10 days 4. Pocket veto, or while Congress is not in session, he can not touch the bill and it will not pass.

JUDICIAL POWERS ACCORDING TO ARTICLE II, SECTION 2, CLAUSE 1 THE PRESIDENT HAS THE POWER TO ISSUE: PARDON – ISSUED BY THE PRESIDENT IT IS LEGAL FORGIVENESS FOR A CRIME AMNESTY – ISSUED BY THE PRESIDENT IT IS A PARDON FOR A LARGE GROUP OF PEOPLE REPRIEVE – ISSUED BY THE PRESIDENT IT IS POSTPONING A SENTENCE COMMUTATION- ISSUED BY THE PRESIDENT IT IS A REDUCTION OF A SENTENCE

ROLES OF THE PRESIDENT CHIEF EXECUTIVE CHIEF DIPLOMAT CHIEF LEGISLATOR CITIZEN COMMANDER AND CHIEF CHIEF OF STATE CHIEF OF PARTY CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR

CHIEF EXECUTIVE This role of the President allows him to ensure that the laws of the nation are carried out fairly.

CHIEF OF STATE This role of the President states that the President is the head of the national government. “The office of President is such a bastardized thing, ½ royalty and ½ democracy, that nobody knows whether to genuflect or spit.” -- writer Jimmy Breslin

CHIEF CITIZEN This role of the President infers that he is the moral leader and figurehead of the United States.

CHIEF LEGISLATOR This role of the President allows him to define agenda with the State of the Union, submit a budget (budget act of 1921), & submit ideas for new laws for the US.

CHIEF DIPLOMAT This role of the President allows him to establish foreign policy with other nations. He can appoint and receive ambassadors, make treaties, and recognize government.

CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR This role of the President states that the President is the “boss” of government employees.

COMMANDER AND CHIEF This role of the President allows him to command all United States military troops. The Legislative Branch’s power is OFFENSIVE. Our last “offensive” war was 1941. The president’s power is DEFENSE (other threats than just a direct attack by another country; economic interests, drugs, terrorism)

COMMANDER AND CHIEF War Powers Act 1973: 60 days of hostile action w/o Congressional permission. LARGELY unused.   President Commander in Chief power Truman Korean War Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon Vietnam War Reagan Grenada, Nicaragua Libya HW Bush Panama Desert Storm (Iraq) Clinton Bosnia, Haiti, Kosovo Serbia W Bush Afghanistan Iraq Obama Syria

CHIEF OF PARTY This role of the President states that he is the informal leader of his political party.  

PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION IS THE ORDER IN WHICH INFERIOR OFFICERS CAN BE PROMOTED TO THE OFFICE OF PRESIDENT IN CASE OF A VACANCY. THE CURRENT SYSTEM WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE 25TH AMENDMENT AND CURRENTLY HAS 18 POSITIONS. HERE ARE THE FIRST 10. 1 VICE PRESIDENT 6 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 2 SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE 7 ATTORNEY GENERAL 3 PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE 8 SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR 4 SECRETARY OF STATE 9 SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE 5 SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY 10 SECRETARY OF COMMERCE