Diet, Metabolites, and “Western-Lifestyle” Inflammatory Diseases

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Immunity in the Gut Andrew M. Platt, University of Glasgow, UK
Advertisements

Laurence Macia, PhD 5th European Immunology & Innate Immunity
Targeting the Human Microbiome With Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Prebiotics: Gastroenterology Enters the Metagenomics Era  Geoffrey A. Preidis, James.
IL-22 Gets to the Stem of Colorectal Cancer
Duane R. Wesemann, Cathryn R. Nagler  Immunity 
Targeting the Human Microbiome With Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Prebiotics: Gastroenterology Enters the Metagenomics Era  Geoffrey A. Preidis, James.
Immune Responses to the Microbiota at the Intestinal Mucosal Surface
Independence Day for IgA
Specialized Metabolites from the Microbiome in Health and Disease
Microbial Influences in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
William W. Agace, Kathy D. McCoy  Immunity 
Interleukin-18: The Bouncer at the Mucosal Bar
Stop Press: Eosinophils Drafted to Join the Th17 Team
Microbial Learning Lessons: SFB Educate the Immune System
Volume 39, Issue 2, Pages (August 2013)
IL-33 Raises Alarm Immunity Volume 31, Issue 1, Pages 5-7 (July 2009)
Checks and Balances: IL-23 in the Intestine
The Cardiovascular Biology of Glucagon-like Peptide-1
Bryan B. Yoo, Sarkis K. Mazmanian  Immunity 
Ara Koh, Filipe De Vadder, Petia Kovatcheva-Datchary, Fredrik Bäckhed 
Metabolic control of regulatory T cell development and function
Specialized Metabolites from the Microbiome in Health and Disease
William W. Agace, Kathy D. McCoy  Immunity 
The Intestinal Immune System in Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Intestinal Flossing Keeps Pathogens at Bay
Salmonella Typhimurium Diarrhea Reveals Basic Principles of Enteropathogen Infection and Disease-Promoted DNA Exchange  Sandra Y. Wotzka, Bidong D. Nguyen,
Interleukin-33 in Tissue Homeostasis, Injury, and Inflammation
Lung Homeostasis: Influence of Age, Microbes, and the Immune System
Figure 2 Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the gut microbiota Figure 2 | Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of the gut microbiota.
Virginia A. Pedicord, Daniel Mucida  Cell 
Nicola L. Harris, P’ng Loke  Immunity 
Dietmar M.W. Zaiss, William C. Gause, Lisa C. Osborne, David Artis 
Mucosal Immunology of Food Allergy
The Origins and Drivers of Insulin Resistance
Gut-Pancreatic Axis AMPlified in Islets of Langerhans
Bridging immunity and lipid metabolism by gut microbiota
An IL-1β-Dependent Switch in Innate Mucosal Immunity?
The Role of Retinoic Acid in Tolerance and Immunity
Metabolic Instruction of Immunity
The Effect of Microbiota and the Immune System on the Development and Organization of the Enteric Nervous System  Yuuki Obata, Vassilis Pachnis  Gastroenterology 
Richard Daneman, Maria Rescigno  Immunity 
Maya Saleh, Charles O. Elson  Immunity 
You AhR What You Eat: Linking Diet and Immunity
Interleukin-18: The Bouncer at the Mucosal Bar
Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation
Salmonella Typhimurium Diarrhea Reveals Basic Principles of Enteropathogen Infection and Disease-Promoted DNA Exchange  Sandra Y. Wotzka, Bidong D. Nguyen,
The Fire Within: Microbes Inflame Tumors
Homeostasis and Inflammation in the Intestine
Wenjun Ouyang, Anne O’Garra  Immunity 
APRIL in the Intestine: A Good Destination for Immunoglobulin A2
Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System  Thomas Siegmund Postler, Sankar Ghosh  Cell Metabolism 
Regulation of the Immune Response by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Dan R. Littman, Eric G. Pamer  Cell Host & Microbe 
Nicola L. Harris, P’ng Loke  Immunity 
IL-22 from T Cells: Better Late than Never
The Cardiovascular Biology of Glucagon-like Peptide-1
Regulatory T Cells: Context Matters
Judith Behnsen, Manuela Raffatellu  Immunity 
NOD1 and NOD2: Signaling, Host Defense, and Inflammatory Disease
IL-10 and Macrophages Orchestrate Gut Homeostasis
Regulatory T Cells in Asthma
The Biology of Intestinal Immunoglobulin A Responses
Learning Tolerance while Fighting Ignorance
Proteus mirabilis: The Enemy Within
The Intestinal Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer
Regulatory T Cells GATA Have It
Muriel Derrien, Johan E.T. van Hylckama Vlieg  Trends in Microbiology 
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and food tolerance
Dietmar M.W. Zaiss, William C. Gause, Lisa C. Osborne, David Artis 
Host and Microbes Date Exclusively
Presentation transcript:

Diet, Metabolites, and “Western-Lifestyle” Inflammatory Diseases Alison N. Thorburn, Laurence Macia, Charles R. Mackay  Immunity  Volume 40, Issue 6, Pages 833-842 (June 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.014 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Major Points where Dietary or Bacterial Metabolites Intersect with the Immune System In the GI tract, dietary fiber is primarily digested by commensal bacteria in the colon, which produces high concentrations of SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Other metabolites, such as ω-3 fatty acids, succinate, or kynurenic acid, are directly consumed and absorbed throughout the GI tract. In addition, metabolites can be directly absorbed in the small intestine. SCFAs (mainly acetate) are transported from the gut to the blood, where they can influence bone marrow and many cell types throughout the body. Another major point of intersection is the transfer of metabolites to the developing fetus. SCFAs are able to cross the placenta or be delivered via breast milk, where they can influence gene expression and the development of the immune system. Immunity 2014 40, 833-842DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.014) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Dietary Fiber, SCFAs, and Mechanisms of Gut Homeostasis There is now overwhelming evidence of the positive health benefits of high consumption of dietary fiber and the associated high concentrations of SCFAs in the gut (acetate, ∼40 mM; propionate, ∼20 mM; and butyrate, ∼20 mM). The seven major actions for fiber and SCFAs can be summarized as follows: (1) “competitive exclusion,” whereby a high-fiber diet expands commensal bacteria and limits pathogenic bacteria access to the gut epithelium; (2) SCFA-induced promotion of mucus by gut epithelial cells; (3) SCFA-induced secretion of IgA by B cells; (4) SCFA-induced promotion of tissue repair and wound healing; (5) SCFA-induced promotion of Treg cell development in the gut in a process that presumably facilitates immunological tolerance; (6) SCFA (particularly acetate)-mediated enhancement of epithelial integrity in a process dependent on inflammasome activation and IL-18 production; and (7) anti-inflammatory effects, particularly inhibition of NF-κb. Immunity 2014 40, 833-842DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.014) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Tryptophan Catabolites, Agonism of AhR, or Stimulation of Metabolite-Sensing GPCRs Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is found in foodstuffs such as red meat, fish, eggs, and many vegetables. Tryptophan can be catabolized by microbial species, such as lactobacilli, to yield indole-3-aldehyde, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. Tryptophan can also be transported across the epithelium by transport machinery comprising Ace2. Tryptophan is degraded to kynurenin (an AhR agonist) by the immune-regulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). After agonist binding, AhR-dependent gene expression includes genes involved in the production of mediators important for gut homeostasis; such mediators include IL-22, antimicrobicidal factors, increased Th17 cell activity, and the maintenance of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and RORγt+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). A number of tryptophan metabolites, including kynurenic acid and niacin, agonize metabolite-sensing GPCRs, such as GPR35 and GPR109A. Immunity 2014 40, 833-842DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.014) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions