Unit 3: Global Interactions (1200-1650) Global History II Review

Early Japanese Feudalism Geography: Mountainous Archipelago Forced Japan to be Isolated from Asia Shintoism Traditional religion of Japan Worshiped Kami- spirits found in everything Cultural Diffusion from Korea and China Chinese writing Buddhism (Zen Buddhism) and Confucianism

Early Japanese Feudalism Feudal Japan (1100s) Similar social structure to European system Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants, Merchants Samurai lived by a Code of Bushido (loyalty) Tokugawa Shogun Centralized feudal government Cultural advances Kabuki theater Haiku poetry

Mongols and Their Impact Rise of the Mongols (1100s) Genghis Khan expanded empire (military) Conquered Eastern Europe to Middle East Conquered China under Kublai Khan (1279) Yuan Dynasty absorbed Chinese society Mughal Dynasty ruled India Akbar the Great was tolerant to Hindu beliefs

Mongols and Their Impact Mongol Impact Destroyed and Conquered much of Asia Russia: Absolutist Government and Isolation China: Prosperity Pax Mongolia and Global Trade Silk Road brought wealth (traders like Marco Polo) Decline of Mongol Empire Too large and diverse an empire to rule Deaths of strong leaders

Global Trade and Interactions Expansion of Chinese Trade 1405-1433 Zheng He explored SEA for the Ming Dynasty trading Silk and porcelain Major Trade Routes Indian Ocean: trade between Asia and Africa Mogadishu becomes a major trade center Overland Trade: Silk Road Mediterranean Sea

Global Trade and Interactions Resurgence of European Trade (1300s) Crusades inspired trade with Asia and ME Italian City-States emerged as trade centers for items coming to Europe from Asia Trade fairs took place where trade routes met Hanseatic League- trade on North and Baltic The Bubonic Plague (Black Death) Came from Asia through trade caravans Killed much of European population Weakened economy and status of the Church Decline of feudalism

Resurgence of Europe Commercial Revolution Growth of towns and a middle class Formation of guilds (trade unions) Capitalism developed Development of banking systems System of feudalism declined as serfs moved to cities for economic opportunities

Resurgence of Europe Renaissance (1300s to 1500s) Rebirth of knowledge from Greco-Romans Humanism- focus on the present Artistic achievements flourished Italy: Michelangelo & DaVinci, Flemish painters Literature developed and flourished Used Vernacular language Focused on life Shakespeare and Machiavelli (The Prince)

Resurgence of Europe Printing Press (1456) Mass production of books Increased literacy rates Spread ideas rapidly Causes of Reformation (1520s) Ideas of the Renaissance (Humanism) Kings seeking to gain power from Church Corruption and Abuses in the Church

Resurgence of Europe Protestant Reformation Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses sparking discussion and change John Calvin builds on ideas of Luther Henry VIII breaks with Church over annulment Counter (Catholic) Reformation Catholic Church attempted to keep Catholics and convert others Little change within the Church

Resurgence of Europe Rise of Nation-States Growth of royal power in France and England Limited monarchy in England Magna Carta- document limited King’s power Parliament- representative assembly Anglican Church develops in England

African Civilizations Geography Savanna: grass lands with good soil Desert: large part of continent (Sahara) Traditional Society and Culture Villages with families making up basic unit of society Believe in forces of nature and spirits Polytheistic

African Civilizations Rise and Fall of African Kingdoms (800-1600) Ghana known for gold and salt trade Spread of Islam Mali was led by Mansa Musa (Muslim) Songhai expanded through military conquest Axum traded with Africa, India, and Med. Sea