#4 - AIM: What is China’s new direction? 30.3 There was great hope for change Easier to destroy than to build new!

Fall of the Qing (Manchu) In countryside lawlessness, poverty and hunger were widespread Nationalist & Communist movements struggle for power

Revolution of 1911 [1912] Nationalists are successful – calls for modernization 1912 New Republic of China is formed Sun Yat-Sen: 1st President Lived in Hawaii & UK – Studied medicine in Hong Kong What is the impact of his upbringing?

Dr. Sun Yat Sen New President hopes for “3 Principles of the People” 1. Nationalism – end of foreign control 2. Democracy 3. Economic security for all Chinese His presidency only lasts a short time - He flees to Japan Warlords begin to control China

Nationalist

China & WWI China enters war against Germany –hoping to gain German colonies Treaty of Versailles: Unfortunately, the treaty gives German colonies in China to Japan!  China is outraged – May 4th Movement occurred as a result of the Treaty of Versailles

May 4th Movement Nationalism Nationalism – feeling of pride in an devotion to one’s country. A national movement spreads across China People become divided Democracy v. Communism Democracy had close ties to the West. Others chose Lenin’s Communism

Rise of Chiang Kai-shek [1925] Sun Yat-Sen dies: Chiang Kai-shek now leader of Nationalists Many problems – worked with communists at first.

Northern Expedition 1925-26 – Kai-shek organizes “Northern Expedition” with Communists to crush warlords 1927 - Nationalists turn on Communists – kill thousands in Shanghai [1928] Kai-shek brought China under control Civil War erupts between Communists and Nationalists

[1930s] Rise of Mao Zedong Mao Zedong influenced by - The Communist Manifesto Mao: peasants would rise up for communism PEASANTS support Mao Growth of Communists in the countryside Chinese Civil War: 1928-1938 and 1946-1949

The Long March (1934-1935). Communists forced to escape from Nationalists. 6,000 miles - swampland, mountains, freezing climates 100,000 Communists started; only 7,000 survived! …. Settle in caves in Northwest

Mao said “we are swimming in the sea of peasants” Mao said “we are swimming in the sea of peasants”? What do you think Mao meant by this?

Japanese Watch •1937 - Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out invasion of Manchuria – industrial center • Nationalists and Communists join together to fight a common enemy

The Rape of Nanjing 1937 “The Rape of Nanjing” - 300,000 people tortured, raped, and killed Considered a 20th Century Genocide

World War II 1939-1945 Civil War put on hold – unite to fight outsiders – (Japanese) Japan occupied and devastated most of China’s cities

Imperial China Collapses SECTION 3 Imperial China Collapses Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty A New Power • Kuomintang—Nationalist Party of China—calls for modernization • Sun Yixian—first great leader of Nationalist Party • In 1911, Nationalists overthrow Qing dynasty Shaky Start for the New Republic • In 1912, Sun takes control as president • Backs three principles: nationalism, democracy, economic security • No national agreement on rule; civil war breaks out in 1916 Continued . . . NEXT

World War I Spells More Problems SECTION 3 continued Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty World War I Spells More Problems • China enters war against Germany hoping to gain land held by Germans • Treaty of Versailles gives German colonies in China to Japan • On May 4, 1919, angry students protest this agreement • May Fourth Movement—nationalist movement that spreads across China • Many young nationalists turn against Sun Yixian NEXT

The Communist Party in China SECTION 3 The Communist Party in China Rise of a New Leader • Mao Zedong—helps form Chinese Communist Party in 1921 Image Lenin Befriends China • In 1923, Lenin helps Nationalists, who agree to work with Communists Peasants Align with the Communists • Jiang Jieshi—Nationalist leader after Sun dies— opposes communism • Peasants see no gain for them in Jiang’s plans, they back Communists Continued . . . NEXT

Nationalists and Communists Clash SECTION 3 continued The Communist Party in China Nationalists and Communists Clash • In 1927, Nationalists kill Communists, unionists in Shanghai • In 1928, Jiang becomes president; Communists resist his rule NEXT

Civil War Rages in China SECTION 3 Civil War Rages in China Hostility Becomes War • By 1930, civil war rages; Mao recruits a peasant, guerrilla army The Long March • In 1933, Jiang’s huge army surrounds outnumbered Communists • Long March—Communists’ 6,000-mile journey to safety in north • Of 100,000 Communists, 7,000 or 8,000 survive the march Map Civil War Suspended • Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out invasion in 1937 • Nationalists and Communists join together to fight Japan NEXT