The Periodic Table of Elements

What about the periodic table of elements? You will learn about the organization of the periodic table, how to read and interpret the elements and how to determine how many protons, neutrons, and electrons will be in each atom. Also, you will learn some study skills to help guide you with your homework and preparation for tests.

An introduction……. The element song

Periodic Table- A table which organizes chemical elements www.chem.queensu.ca/.../Periodic_table.gif

Families/Groups- The vertical columns in periodic table Families/Groups- The vertical columns in periodic table. Each member shares similar chemical properties. Periods- The horizontal row in the periodic table. Each member contains the same number of electron clouds. Arranged in order of increasing atomic number

Families or Groups Periods www.chem.queensu.ca/.../Periodic_table.gif

Light metals Heavy Metals Nonmetals Inert Gases Example: Magnesium Heavy Metals Example: Iron Nonmetals Example: Carbon Inert Gases Example: Helium

Light Metals Inert gases Heavy Metals Nonmetals www.chem.queensu.ca/.../Periodic_table.gif

(A substance consisting of a single atom) An Element (A substance consisting of a single atom) The periodic table consists of many elements.

Each ELEMENT has it’s own properties such as : Boiling point Melting point Color Etc… For further information about an element  www.webelements.com Or www.dayah.com/periodic

Atom – Smallest particle of an element Nucleus – Central region of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons of an atom. Holds the most weight but is very small in size. Proton – A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a positive charge.

Neutron – A subatomic particle located in the nucleus with a neutral charge. Electron – A subatomic particle that spins around an atom’s nucleus in orbits called shells with a negative charge. Electron cloud – Region of negative charge surrounding an atomic nucleus that is associated with an atomic orbital.

Atom electron Proton Neutron www.thinkgeek.com/images/products/additional/large/periodic_magents_close.jpg

Atom Neutrons Protons Electrons Nucleus Electron clouds

Found on the periodic table Chemical Symbol - Abbreviation given to the names of the element Atomic number - number of protons contained in an atom. Used to name/identify an atom Atomic weight – Average weight of the protons and neutrons of an atom 8 O Found on the periodic table Oxygen 16

Atomic Number = Atomic Weight = Protons = number of protons number of protons + number of neutrons Protons = Number of electrons //village.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/lv/hswest/hp.nsf/Files/potassium6/$File/atomic+number.bmp

Atomic weight (or mass) = How can we determine the number of neutrons of a particular element from the information given on the periodic table? www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/images/ask.gif Atomic weight (or mass) = number of protons + number of neutrons

K 19 Atomic Weight = number of protons + number of neutrons 39.0938 -19 -19 20.0938 neutrons Potassium There cannot be 0.0928 of a neutron, so this number is rounded to 20 neutrons. 39.0938

Potassium 20 neutrons 19 protons 19 electrons

Practice, Practice, Practice!! To help you understand the periodic table and the math associated with it, check out this website: Questions and Answers Lets play a game to help you learn! Element Math Game

Read Chapter 2 in the Chemistry Text book and do this worksheet. HOMEWORK !!! Read Chapter 2 in the Chemistry Text book and do this worksheet. NO worries….. Here is some help……………

Identifying Key Concepts EXAMINE the text structure for any elements that the writer may have used to indicate major division in the subject matter. Bold headings Subtitles Graphs Visuals Summaries DETERMINE which sentence in a paragraph is the topic sentence Often the first sentence

LEARN to identify statements that “forecast” key concepts and RECOGNIZE that transitions may sometimes help to identify a key concept. Is this an introduction into a key concept? EXAMINE the summary statements in the paragraphs and/or the conclusions that summarize each section of the reading. Will help with condensing the key concepts.

Audience: 7-8 grade general science chemistry students Objectives: Given an element, the students will be able to determine its atomic mass, atomic number, number of protons, number of neutrons, and number of electrons with 90% accuracy. Given an element, the student will be able to determine if it is a light metal, heavy metal, nonmetal, or gas and know the period and family it is in by using the period table with 90% accuracy. Given a diagram of an atom, the students will be able to determine which element it is by observing the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons by using the periodic table with 90% accuracy. Assessment I will use a website which has a game on it involving the math of the periodic table to determine the class’s understanding of the elements. A worksheet will be given to the students that will be filled out after reading chapter two in the text which involves concepts that were discussed today.