Chapters 1-2 Test Review AP Government

These guys wanted a strong central government and expanded legislative powers. The Federalists

What did the Anti-Federalists fear? Fear the president will become too powerful Fear national govt will overpower the states Want a guarantee of civil liberties for individuals

What are the formal ways of amending the Constitution?

Explain Representative Democracy. The power is in the hands of the people because the choose the delegates (representatives) that lead the country.

What is the 3/5th’s Compromise? South: Wanted slaves counted for population, not taxation. North: Wanted slaves counted for taxation, not population. Compromise: Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for population

The institutions through which public policies are made for a society. Government

A solution to a problem that government makes is called Public Policy

Who makes public policy? Congress, President, Courts, and the Bureaucracy.

McCullough vs. Maryland - 1819 This case involves the Necessary and Proper Clause SC says Congress has the implied power to create a national bank because of its power over financial matters as expressed in the Constitution. McCullough vs. Maryland - 1819

What clause of the 14th Amendment is used by the Supreme Court to apply parts of Amendments to the states? What is that process called? It uses the Due Process Clause (substantive due process). The process is called Selective Incorporation.

People with common interests form groups that work to influence public policy for their benefit. Conflict between groups = bargaining and compromise Pluralism

Shay’s Rebellion The Constitutional Convention began because people questioned how well the government could control itself and maintain order after this event. Shay’s Rebellion

Hyperpluralism Multitude of groups pull government in too many directions at the same time Policy tries to satisfy too many groups. Creates gridlock Hyperpluralism

The New Jersey Plan focused on _____________ representation and a _______________ legislature. Equal Representation and a unicameral (single) legislature.

Congress would be a bicameral legislature What did the Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan) involve? Settled the disputes over the New Jersey and Virginia Plans Congress would be a bicameral legislature Representation in the lower house based on population Equal representation in the upper house (senate).

A small number of powerful elite control government and influence policy for its own self-interest. Money = influence and power Elite Theory

Traditional Democratic Theory. Everyone has a right to participate either directly or by a representative vote. Majority vote rules. What Democratic Theory does this describe? Traditional Democratic Theory. Participatory

This SC case established the doctrine of “Judicial Review” that the court had the power to declare a law constitutional or unconstitutional. Marbury vs. Madison - 1803

Reserved – State Power – not specifically granted to Name the three types of power and explain each power. Enumerated – Specifically granted to the Federal Government. Reserved – State Power – not specifically granted to the Federal Govt so reserved to the states. Concurrent – Federal and State shared powers (tax)

Congress has the power to regulate commerce (trade) that crosses state borders. This describes the _______. Commerce Clause

Executive Powers Clause “The executive power shall be vested in a president of the USA” describes the _____________. Executive Powers Clause

A power that is not specifically authorized in writing, but is assumed because of similar powers which have already been granted in writing. These powers can reasonably be assumed to flow from express powers, though not explicitly mentioned. The legitimacy of these powers flows from the "General Welfare" clause in the Preamble, the "Necessary & Proper Clause", and the "Commerce Clause.“ These are _________ ____________. Implied Powers

The biggest complaint about the Constitution when it was ratified in 1788 was that It had NO BILL OF RIGHTS! This is one reason why the Antifederalist did not want to approve the new constitution.

- No federal court system - Can’t raise taxes - Hard to pass new laws What are some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? - No federal court system - Can’t raise taxes - Hard to pass new laws

A power that is not specifically authorized in writing, but is assumed because of similar powers which have already been granted in writing. These powers can reasonably be assumed to flow from express powers, though not explicitly mentioned. The legitimacy of these powers flows from the "General Welfare" clause in the Preamble, the "Necessary & Proper Clause", and the "Commerce Clause.“ These are _____________________. Implied Powers

This establishes that the national government is the ultimate power in the U.S. Supremacy Clause

This stops one branch of government from dominating any other branch. AKA negative or checking powers. checks and balances

Necessary and Proper Clause (or Elastic Clause) The Congress shall have Power ... To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution their enumerated powers. This describes the _______________. Necessary and Proper Clause (or Elastic Clause)

How can the Legislative Branch check the power of the Executive Branch? 1. Impeach the president. 2. Override a presidential veto. 3. Refuse to approve presidential appointments to the Supreme Court, Federal Reserve, the Cabinet, etc. 4. Refuse to ratify treaties. 5. May withold funding for presidential initiatives.

1. Veto legislation. 2. Adjourn Congress in certain situations. How can the Executive Branch check the power of the Legislative Branch? 1. Veto legislation. 2. Adjourn Congress in certain situations.

One way Congress may check The power of the Executive Branch is to withhold funding to presidential initiatives or programs. Power of the purse.

This amendment gave states the power not clearly defined by the federal government. AKA Reserved Powers. The tenth Amendment

What is the general theme of Federalist 51? The need for separation of powers and checks and balances in the new government set up by the constitution. This would be the way to prevent tyranny.

What was the Articles of Confederation. How was it structured What was the Articles of Confederation? How was it structured? Why was it considered weak? U.S.’s first plan of government.   A. Structure Unicameral legislative body – Congress Congressional members chosen by state legislatures Each state = one vote in congress regardless of population 9 out of the 13 states had to agree before any laws could be passed Each state had veto power over changes to the Articles B. No judicial branch C. No executive branch  Weaknesses:  - National Government Could Not: tax, raise an army, control international trade, no chief executive, states could coin own money.

What is the form of government where a few people rule. Oligarchy

Revise the Articles of Confederation. The purpose of the First Constitutional Convention in 1787 was to _________ Revise the Articles of Confederation.

The “Necessary and Proper Clause” of the U. S The “Necessary and Proper Clause” of the U.S. Constitution is also known as _______________________. The “Elastic Clause.”

How can the Judicial Branch check the power of the Executive Branch? Declare laws or executive orders unconstitutional.

How can the Legislative Branch check the power of the Judicial Branch? 1. Impeach judges. 2. Propose Constitutional Amendments to override judicial decisions. 3. Reject appointments to the Supreme Court.

How can the Judicial Branch check the power of the Legislative Branch? 1. Declare laws unconstitutional.

How many states were required to vote yes ratify the U.S. Constitution? 9 of 13

The process for removal of an official for treason and high crimes and misdemeanors is called Impeachment

Traditional Democratic Theory. Everyone has a right to participate either directly or by a representative vote. Majority vote rules. What theory of government does this describe? Traditional Democratic Theory. Participatory

The idea that government derives its power from the people is known as Consent of the Governed

protect Natural Rights The purpose of government according to John Locke was protect Natural Rights

The Anti-Federalist’s fear over a strong national government was lessened by the addition of The Bill of Rights

Harold Lasswell defined politics as Who gets what, when, and how. That society needs procedures to determine what people get.

The requirement that a prisoner be brought before a judge in a court of law and informed of the charges against them is called Writ of Habeas Corpus.

A set of 85 essays that advocate the ratification of the Constitution and provide insightful commentary on the nature of the new system of government. Federalist Papers