Classification
I. Introduction to Classification Classification is the grouping based on their similarities. Taxonomy is the study of the classification of organisms. Taxonomists-scientists that study classifying Classifying makes naming organisms more efficient and simple. Classification prevents errors.
II. Systems of Classification We use LATIN for scientific names We sometime use GREEK. Aristotle-invented 1st classification system. Linnaeus-invented classification system we use today. Linnaeus is the Father of Taxonomy..
II. Systems of Classification -Linnaeus created a two-word system for naming organisms called binomial nomenclature. -Binomial nomenclature groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships. -In this system, all of the scientific names are 2 Latin words put together.
II. Systems of Classification -The basic biological unit of the Linnaen classification system is the species. Species: Homo sapiens Genus Specific epithet Canis familiaris DOG
II. Systems of Classification What animal do you think this is based on the binomial (species name)? Canis familiaris dog
What animal do you think this is based on the binomial? Felis domesticus cat
What animal do you think this is based on the binomial? Canis lupus wolf
What animal do you think this is based on the binomial? Vulpes vulpes fox
What animal do you think this is based on the binomial? Populus deltoides cottonwood tree
DOMAIN Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
3 Domains – p. 459, 460 Bacteria: Eubacteria-single celled Archae: Archaebacteria-single celled Eukarya-multi-celled
1. Eubacteria: prokaryote (no nucleus), unicellular (one-celled) live in more normal environments.
V. 6 Kingdoms 2. Archaebacteria: prokaryote (no nucleus), unicellular (one-celled) found in extreme environments (hot springs).
4 kingdoms of Eukarya (multi-celled) . Protists-single celled organisms . Fungi-single and multi-celled organisms . Plantae-all multi-cellular organisms . Animalia-all multi-cellular organisms
Kingdoms of Eukarya 1. Protists: eukaryotes (nucleus), unicellular (one celled) very simple structure, live in wet environments.
Kingdoms of Eukarya 2. Fungi: many-celled eukaryotes, decomposers (break down dead or dying material).
V. Kingdoms of Eukarya 3. Plantae: many-celled eukaryotes, produce oxygen and sugar. -- Plant cell walls are made of CHITIN
V. Kingdoms of Eukarya 4. Animalia: many-celled eukaryotes, consume oxygen and sugar.
Questions Look at the binomial below. What kind of organism do you think this is? Uncia uncia A snow leopard! What kingdom does this organism belong to? Kingdom Animalia
What kingdom does this organism belong to?
FUNGI!
What kingdom does this organism belong to?
-Plantae
What kingdom does this organism below to? A prokaryote that lives in a normal environment (diplobacilli).
-Eubacteria
What kingdom does this organism belong to? Prokaryote that lives in extreme environments.
Archaebacteria!
Genus Classification level below family that includes related species
phylogeny The study of the evolutionary history of related species
fossils The remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past
Phylogenetic tree The emergence of species over time can be shown in a diagram
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs Heterotrophs: organisms that cannot make their own food Live in all environments and include important decomposers and parasites. Ex. Fungi Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food (organisms in the kingdom Plantae are multicellular) Contain rigid cell walls
SELF QUIZ 1). In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should A. be more similar to each other than they are to other species B. not be similar in appearance C. be limited to species that can interbreed D. have identical genes 2). In binomial nomenclature, which of the two terms is capitalized? 3). In Linnaeus’s system of classification, how mnay taxonomic categories were there? 4). A genus is composed of a number of related…?
Answers 1. A 2. 1st term only 3. 7 4. species