Creating the Culture of British North America

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Creating the Culture of British North America-1689-1754 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

England’s Glorious Revolution and “The Rights of Englishmen,” 1689 The English Parliament came to distrust King James II who they believed was centralizing too much authority and who they suspected of privately supporting Catholicism. They ousted him in 1689 in what was known as the Glorious Revolution. Parliament invited James’s Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, Prince William of Orange, rulers of the Netherlands, to come to England as joint sovereigns. This move by Parliament was a dramatic change that would have far-reaching effects. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Responses to the Glorious Revolution John Locke, justified the revolution by insisting that all government rested on the natural rights of the governed. In his Second Treatise on Government, Locke described civil society as a social contract made by free people to live together. In England’s American colonies, news of the Glorious Revolution brought rejoicing. In the Americas, the Glorious Revolution produced winners and losers. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Plantation World: From a Society with Slaves to a Slave Society As the institution of slavery came to be more rigidly defined, it also came to be linked more closely to race. Africans were seen as slaves. Europeans, even the poorest Europeans, were seen as free. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Atlantic Slave Trade, the Middle Passage, and the Nature of Colonial Slavery North American slavery was always a relatively small part of the Atlantic slave trade. The Middle Passage—the transit of slaves from Africa to the Americas—was a horrifying experience. Most Africans faced a lifetime of slavery. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Fear of Slave Revolts: South Carolina and New York 1739 - Stono Rebellion, largest slave uprising in the colonies before the American Revolution. 1741 - fires swept New York, destroying businesses and homes. Governor George Clarke became convinced that “The Negros are rising.” © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 Two young girls in the home of the Reverend Samuel Parris of Salem Village began to suffer fits. The town doctor wondered if their disease might be a result of witchcraft. Thus began the Salem witch trials, one of the best-known episodes of mass hysteria in the English colonies. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Women’s Lives Because women were generally relegated to the private realm, many of them lived cut off from society. Women were limited by the physical demands of pregnancy, birth, nursing, and child rearing as well as by the daily chores of a farm. At the bottom of the social hierarchy were enslaved women. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Commercial Attitudes, Commercial Success—Mercantilism and the New Trading Economy Mercantilism –colonies would be used only to produce raw materials that would enrich the Mother country and be a consumer of manufactured goods. In the early 1700s, New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, and Charleston all emerged as significant trading centers for the British world. The ocean-based commerce of these cities was based on their good harbors, Britain’s growing dominance of the world’s oceans, and industries. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Changing Religious Landscape—From the Halfway Covenant to the First Great Awakening The First Great Awakening, a series of religious revivals that swept all of the North American colonies in the 1730s Leaders, such as Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, preached of rejecting evil and leading a life of God The Great Awakening changed American society as religion returned to the forefront © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

French, English, and Spanish Claims,1608 Between 1689 and 1815, England and France were engaged in more or less continual war with each other for control of global empires. The many wars between 1689 and 1763 disrupted life in North America. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Unifying Effects of the Wars on British Colonies The colonial governments grew stronger and more independent through the early decades of the 1700s. Benjamin Franklin came up with the Albany Plan of Union to unite the colonies. Franklin’s plan was defeated resoundingly by the colonies, but laid the idea of a united America © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.