Social and economic inequality Do you think there is a difference between housing and education depending on the area people live? Write down a couple of sentences in your jotter explaining your opinion- remember you must have reasons to support these statements.

Today we will… Success criteria… Examine the inequalities in housing in the USA. Identify the characteristics of different types of residential areas in the USA. Examine the inequalities in education in the USA Success criteria… I will be able to describe housing inequality in the USA. I will be able to categorise different aspects of housing in the USA. I will be able to explain education inequality in the USA.

Social and economic inequality ~ Social inequality is about how people are not equal in society Economic inequality is more to do with why people are not financially equal The two are very much linked and there are many social inequalities in housing for example with some people in the US living in fancy houses and some live in poor slums, but it is the result perhaps of an economic inequality- the amount of money a person makes affects their ability to live in a nice home/area.

In the exam Questions in the exam will either ask you about: The causes of social and economic inequality Describe, in detail, three causes of socio-economic issues in the world power you have studied. In your answer you must state the world power you have studied. 2. Government responses to social and economic inequality Describe, in detail, three ways in which the government of the world power you have studied has tried to tackle social and economic inequality.

Ideology The USA prides itself on being a country where all citizens are born free and equal and that anyone can achieve the American Dream. Although hard work and self help can enable American citizens to prosper and succeed, this is not the reality for many ethnic minorities. The USA is an unequal society and millions of Americans live in poverty.

For those who succeed, the benefits may include: For many Americans the American Dream is not the American Reality as they have not become rich from capitalism. For those who succeed, the benefits may include: high level of car ownership good quality housing access to well resourced schools, colleges and universities for their children high disposable income allowing frequent holidays/luxuries private health insurance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6niWzomA_So https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lb6qQ6VopqU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C48aGtPIuZo

Social and Economic Inequality in the USA One way to remember information is through the use of a mnemonic. This is were the first letter of a group of words are strung together to make a new ‘reminder’ word. C H I P E Crime Housing Income Poverty Health Education Employment

Social inequality-Housing There are huge difference in terms of houses and neighbourhoods in the USA. A ghetto, also known as ‘the hood’ or the inner city, is part of an American city where nearly everyone is from an ethnic minority. Most ghettos are poor, but not all. Some of the black parts of Queens in New York, for example, are richer than some of the white parts.

Task You will see images of different areas in the USA. On your show me board, decide if it is a feature of: Inner city ghetto Inner city apartments Middle class suburb

Plumbing and sanitation do not work properly.

Good schools with modern equipment.

Play parks are vandalised and children play in the streets.

Drunks and drug addicts lie in hallways and on landings.

Large houses with nice gardens.

High crime rate

Streets patrolled regularly by police.

Housing in the USA INNER CITY GHETTO/ Barrio MIDDLE CLASS SUBURBS Poor housing- damp, overcrowded Dangerous- high crime rate, gang violence and drug problems Poor facilities- schools and shops Little police presence Vandalism MIDDLE CLASS SUBURBS Large impressive homes less crime Good schools Police patrols No gangs Well looked after streets and gardens https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tavGqhjOaO0 – South Bronx poorest district in America

Home Ownership Owning your home is seen to be a key part of the American Dream. Look at the table below, what do you notice about these figures? Table 1: % of Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity of Householder: 1994 to 2012   1994 1998 2002 2004 2008 2012 All 64 66.3 67.9 69 67.8 65.4 White 67.7 70 71.8 72.8 71.7 69.8 Black 42.3 45.6 47.3 49.1 47.4 43.9 Hispanic 41.2 44.7 48.2 48.1 46.1 Asian 51.3 52.6 54.7 59.8 59.5 56.6 More white people own their homes than any other ethnic group. Black Americans are least likely to own their own homes. The figures increased for all groups until the economic downturn in 2008

The high percentage of Black and Hispanic Americans living in poverty means they are more likely to live in poor areas. This not only means they will live in worse housing conditions but also their education and employment prospects are limited too. Black and Hispanic Americans are more likely to live in ghetto areas than White Americans.

Suburbs REMEMBER though, many Black and Hispanic Americans do not live in ghetto areas. Similarly, many white Americans do not live in middle class suburbs. Statistics show, however, 74% of White Americans live in the suburbs and 60% of Black Americans live in the centre of cities.

Residential Segregation The table below shows house moves made since 1977. What do you notice? Although deliberate racial segregation is illegal in America, Americans tend to live close by others of the same ethnic group. Move to… Predominantly Black Area Multi-ethnic Area Predominantly White Area Black Americans 60.9% 18.9% 2% White Americans 1.5% Unknown 74.9%

Homelessness In the USA, over half of those without a home are from an ethnic minority.

Reason for housing inequality~ Housing inequality is linked to income Income is linked to education- low educational attainment means that ethnic minorities will struggle to gain employment which will generate enough income to afford a nicer house There is a cycle of poverty which makes it very hard for poorer Americans, often minorities, to improve themselves

Example PEE- Housing Housing continues to be an area where minority groups in the USA remain disadvantaged. In the large cities of the USA, such as Chicago, there will be areas white are predominantly African American, Hispanic and Asian. Minority groups are generally poorer and this is reflected in their housing status. Housing in these areas are generally of a poorer condition, with less refuse collections, higher rates of dampness and break-ins. 60% of African Americans live in inner city areas commonly known as ‘ghetto’ areas. Similarly, Hispanic ghetto areas, known as barrios have many of the same problems

Social inequality- Educational inequalities

Today we will… Success criteria… Examine the inequalities in education in the USA Success criteria… I will be able to explain education inequality in the USA.

Education There are huge inequalities in education in the USA. These are largely because of income and this again means that minorities are worst affected. There is a huge problem in education in the USA whereby in many cases, schools in more affluent areas gain more funding than schools in poorer areas. This is sometimes called a “Funding Gap”. A 2004 report found that there were funding gaps in 26/50 states. This means that young people from poorer areas do not get as good an education, and this affects black and Hispanic families the most.

Education Teachers in the USA are paid based on their qualifications, years experience and extra curricular activities. This means that the best qualified and most experienced teachers are paid more. Since the best teachers are paid more schools with less funding cannot afford to employ them, and this in part explains the inequalities in the US education system.

For the same year: 86.6% of White Americans graduated in 2013 88.7% of Asian American students graduated from high school in 2013 Although graduation rates for all ethnic groups have risen in recent years, there is still a clear gap between those who are struggling and those who perform well.

Education Inequalities There is low educational attainment in the US due to: Low family income – children from low income families are 6 times more likely to drop out of school compared ot children from high income families. Lack of funding for schools in poorer areas- ‘Funding gap’ Lack of support for pupils with a 2nd language Discrimination/Racism

Education https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BsRw8wFjyI Watch the video about Strawberry Mansion High School and take notes on what you see. https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p04b9k5l/segregated-america-a-school-in-the-south-1-the-quest-to-be-the-best straight outta orangeburg

I can … I can describe housing inequality in the USA. I can categorise different aspects of housing in the USA.