Science of Energy
Objectives in Ch 4 Lesson 1 Explain what energy enables us to do. Differentiate between forms and sources of energy. Demonstrate how energy is stored in major energy sources. Describe the main forms of energy and give examples. Explain energy transformations.
WHAT IS ENERGY? Energy is not matter, but matter can contain it. Energy is something that has the ability to cause change. It can also be defined as ‘the ability to do work.” Work means to make something move.
Forms of Energy POTENTIAL ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY Is the energy in motion – of waves Found in electrons, atoms, molecules & substances. Is stored energy and Energy of position due to gravity. 2/15/2019 The NEED Project
TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY Gravitational Energy What an object or substance has because of its position; anything “up high.” Ie: water behind a dam or objects capable of falling.
TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY Stored Mechanical Energy Energy stored in an object by the application of force (also called elastic potential energy). Must push or pull on an object. Ie: compressed springs and stretched rubber bands.
TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY Nuclear Energy Energy stored in the atomic nuclei. Holds the nucleus together. Ie: within uranium or plutonium atoms.
TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY Chemical Energy Energy stored in bonds between atoms. Holds molecules & substances together. Examples include: petroleum, natural gas, propane, coal, and biomass.
TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY Radiant Energy Electromagnetic energy that travels in waves. Includes: sunlight (visible), x rays, gamma rays, microwaves, infrared (heat) & radio waves.
TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY RADIANT Energy is from the….. Electromagnetic Spectrum (the radiant energy range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and respective wavelengths & energies)
TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY Mechanical Energy (Motion) Movement of objects or substances from one place to another. Ie: running horses, rolling bags, wind and hydroelectric power. .
TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY Electrical Energy Movement of electrons in one direction. Ie. lightening, electricity, static electricity. NOT AN ELECTRON PARADE!
TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY Sound Energy movement of energy through substances in the form of longitudinal (compression) waves. Ie. music, drumbeats, etc.
TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY Thermal Energy (a.k.a. Heat) Internal energy of a substance due to the vibration of atoms and molecules making up the substance Ie. geothermal energy, fire.
Energy Transformation (Conversion) Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only changed. Law of Conservation of Energy First Law of Thermodynamics Energy will always transfer or move from a higher content to a lower content. No energy transfer is 100% efficient so a little energy is lost as excess heat from any energy transfer.
Energy Transfers/Conversion continued Law of conservation of mass says mass cannot be created or destroyed. Albert Einstein found that energy and mass are different forms of each other and his famous equation describes this. E = m c2 where E = energy, m = mass and c = the speed of light.
Energy Transfers/Conversion continued Example: Stored chemical potential energy in biomass (wood) is burned to produce heat and light (both forms of kinetic energy). 2/15/2019 Footer Goes Here
Measuring energy content Thermometer measure average energy content of particles in the substance. Other words: it measures amount of energy. 2/15/2019 Footer Goes Here
Describe these Energy Transformations Striking a match Photovoltaic cell Photosynthesis Movement of the Gulf Stream Interior temperature increase of a car
Forms to Sources of Energy What does Nonrenewable and Renewable mean? Nonrenewable Renewable Petroleum Biomass Coal Hydropower Natural Gas Wind Propane Solar Geothermal Match forms of energy with the types. Chemical Radiant Thermal Nuclear Motion
Measuring energy content Thermometer measure average energy content of particles in the substance. Other words: it measures amt of energy. 2/15/2019 Footer Goes Here