Measuring Earth: Earth’s Size and Shape Unit 1 Measuring Earth: Earth’s Size and Shape Study Guide

Earth’s Shape OBLATE SPHEROID What is the true shape of the Earth? flat at the poles and bulging at the center

Which of the following models is the correct scale model of the Earth? Earth’s Shape Which of the following models is the correct scale model of the Earth? OR ?

Smoothness of the Earth Which is smoother –the Earth or a classroom globe? the Earth the relief of a classroom globe is exaggerated

What is the formula for circumference? Eratosthenes Formula Angle = distance 360 Circumference

Circumference =distance around the earth

Latitude & Longitude

Latitude lines are parallel. They NEVER meet

Longitude lines are meridians and meet at the poles. Looks like a peeled orange.

Lines of latitude measure Latitude & Longitude Lines of latitude measure South North and of the equator

North Equator South E F G H 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H North Equator South

How many degrees of latitude are there?

What is the latitude of the equator? 0 degrees What is the latitude of the North Pole? 90 degrees

LATITUDE ALTITUDE OF POLARIS = Demo

POLARIS CAN ONLY BE SEEN IN THE HEMISPHERE NORTHERN

Polaris=North Star=LATITUDE For Drawing: See location of North Star on next slide

Draw location of North Star

If the North Star is 50 degrees above the horizon- 50 degrees North! What is your latitude?

How is Longtiude Measured? Longitude is measured and from the East West Prime Meridian

To get to the next line of longitude, you must move How is longitude measured? 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H To get to the next line of longitude, you must move in which of two directions? Prime Meridian

West East Prime Meridian E F G H 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 15 45 75 105 120 135 150 165 180 E F G H West East Prime Meridian

LONGITUDE IS BASED ON EARTH’S ROTATION

LONGITUDE EACH HOUR THE EARTH ROTATES 15° (360°/24hrs)

People on the same line of longitude have the same Local Time

Later Earlier HOW MANY TIME ZONES?

HOW MANY TIME ZONES? 24 TIME ZONES 15° APART

Example: Two students record a difference in local time of two hours. How many degrees of longitude apart are they? 15° x 2 hours = 30°

What is the latitude and longitude of POINT B? 40 N, 120 W Practice

What is the latitude and longitude of POINT G? Practice 45 S, 80 E

What is the latitude and longitude of POINT D? 10 S, 40 W Practice

Topographic Maps

To see the shape and elevation of the land What is the purpose? To see the shape and elevation of the land

What is the Contour Interval? 25 The change in elevation between 2 contour lines.

Contour Interval? 20 Elevation of "A"? 540 Elevation of "B"? 580

619 Why??? If there was another line it would be 620 so the highest value before is 619 feet. 619

What do hachured lines show? areas of depression

What are the rules concerning hachured lines? first hachured line has same elevation as previous contour line then drops by the contour interval

How you can determine which way a river flows on a topographic map? (1) Contour lines point to the source of a river (upstream) (2) The river flows opposite the “V ‘s”.

top of the page, what direction If north is at the top of the page, what direction is this river flowing? south

What is a topographic profile ? A three dimensional graph of a contour map

the slope or steepness of the land What is gradient? gradient = change in elevation distance the slope or steepness of the land

Answer the following based on the map. Note: Hill B has Hachure Lines

Answer the following based on the map. What is the contour interval of this map? What is the elevation of POINT E? What is the elevation of POINT F? What is the elevation of POINT D? What is the elevation of POINT A? What is the elevation of POINT G? What is the elevation of POINT C? What is the elevation of POINT B? Which side of HILL C is the steepest? Which way is the Cinder River Flowing? 20 meters 0 meters 30 meters 60 meters 139 meters 40 meters 60 meters 40 meters south northwest Try on your own first then check your answers

gradient = change in temperature distance If the distance between the two circled cities is 400 km, calculate the temperature gradient to the nearest hundredth? Show all work. gradient = change in temperature distance = 80-60 400 = 20 400 = 0.05 °F/km

Using the ESRT (Unit 1)

Answer the following Using your ESRT (1) What is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust by volume? (2) What is the latitude of Slide Mountain? (3) What is the temperature at the boundary of the earth’s mantle and outer core? (4) What layer of the atmosphere contains the most water vapor? oxygen 42 degrees 5000 degrees C troposphere Try on your own first.

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Know the following: Know how to use the ESRT for this unit! Be able to read and interpret a contour map. Be able to calculate gradient (change in elevation or temperature) Be able to draw a topographic profile. Know how to draw and read an isotherm map. Know how to use latitude and longitude on a map or globe. Know the shape of the Earth=OBLATE SPHEROID Know that the altitude of Polaris (North Star) equals the LATITUDE of the observer! Know the Equator = 0 degrees Latitude and the Prime Meridian = 0 degrees Longitude. Know the Latitude of the North Pole= 90 degrees. Know lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water) and atmosphere ( air). A river flows opposite the V’s and hachure lines show depression. Study ALL notes, worksheets and study guides. See Chapter 3 in the text.