Word of the Day: Warm Up: Feminine Mystique: written by Betty Friedan, this book played a big part in changing traditional gender roles in American society. Warm Up: Many of the major Supreme Court cases we looked at yesterday were justified by the same amendment to the constitution. What was that amendment and what did it do? (give the # and definition)

Using what you learned yesterday…. Describe how landmark Supreme Court Cases (such as: Brown v. Board of Education, Sweatt v. Painter, Mendez v. Westminster, Hernandez v. Texas, Delgado v. Bastrop ISD and Edgewood v. Kirby) played a role in protecting the rights of minorities during the Civil Rights Movement   **Think about the chart you completed yesterday** SEGREGATION → UNCONSTITUTIONAL

Women Fight for Equality Reasons Although women could vote, they had still not achieved full equality in the home or workplace Influenced by civil rights movement Changes Wanted Women wanted workplace equality, an end to sexism, and passage of the equal rights amendment Who and How Betty Friedan and others formed the National Organization for Women, which focused on legal reforms and workplace discrimination Women’s groups also worked to win passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Achievements of the Movement Education – affirmative action, universities could no longer discriminate based on sex, also hired women faculty members Employment – Equal Pay Act, equal pay for equal work Title IX Banned sex discrimination in educational institutions Schools could lose federal funding if they did not provide equality Disappointments The movement had success when the ERA passed Congress in 1972, but the ERA was never ratified by the required number of states so it was never ratified

Women Fight for Equality continued Excerpt from NOW’s Statement of Purpose WE BELIEVE that the . . . protection guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution to the civil rights of all individuals, must be effectively applied and enforced to isolate and remove patterns of sex discrimination, to ensure equality of opportunity in employment and education, and equality of civil and political rights and responsibilities on behalf of women, as well as for Negroes and other deprived groups . . .   WE REJECT the current assumptions that a man must carry the sole burden of supporting himself, his wife, and family . . . We believe that a true partnership between the sexes demands a different concept of marriage, an equitable sharing of the responsibilities of home and children and of the economic burdens of their support . . . Betty Friedan   -1963- Wrote The Feminine Mystique -1966 – Friedan helped form NOW (National Organization for Women)   In the first paragraph, which amendment is NOW referring to?   Using the chart and NOW’s Statement of Purpose, summarize the changes women were fighting for:

The Chicano Movement The Chicano Movement Changes they Wanted: Main focus: rights of farm workers and political rights An end to discrimination, higher wages, improved living and working conditions Better education for children Hector P. Garcia World War II veteran and surgeon fought segregation, restrictions in voting, office holding, and employment Became the first Mexican American to serve on the U.S. Comm. On Civil Rights   Cesar Chavez Organizer of farm (migrant) workers in California (United Farm Workers) Demanded increased wages and better working conditions Emphasized non-violence through strikes, pilgrimages, and fasts Dolores Huerta Closely associated with Chavez, helped form the United Farm Workers Also involved in women’s rights, environmentalism, and immigration policy

The Chicano Movement Continued Successes The grape boycott leads to farmworkers being granted union recognition, higher wages, and benefits Latinos had success in 1968 when President Johnson signed the Bilingual Education Act, legalizing instruction in languages other than English In 1969, grape growers granted most of the farm workers’ demands In the early 1960s, Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers began mobilizing migrant farm laborers, particularly Mexicans and Mexican Americans, to protest the low wages, unsafe working conditions, and long hours typical in migrant farmwork. As in the African American civil rights movement, music was an important part of UFW’s nonviolent protests. One of the more popular songs heard during the strike against grape growers, or “La Huelga,” was “El Picket Sign.”   “From Texas to California / Farm workers are struggling. The ranchers, crying and crying / The strike has made them spineless! Refrain The picket sign, the picket sign, / I carry it all day. The picket sign, the picket sign, / With me all my life. We’ve spent most of the year / Fighting this strike. One rancher already died, / And another turned into a coward.” On the picket signs to the right, create two signs that the United Farm Workers might have carried with them while boycotting.

The American Indian Movement Dec. 29, 1890, over 200 men, women, and children of the Lakota tribe were killed by the U.S. cavalry at Wounded Knee creek in South Dakota, while trying to disarm the tribe. The American Indian Movement Conditions on Indian reservations were bleak – high unemployment, suffered from diseases like tuberculosis and alcoholism, death rate twice the national average Sought greater respect for Native Americans heritage Occupied Alcatraz and Wounded Knee, SD to bring attention to their cause – to protest tribal leadership and federal policies In 1975 the Federal government passed new laws allowing for greater control over their own affairs and education

Women: ___ Chicano: ___ American Indian: ___ Wrap Up Summarize the three movements discussed today, what do they all have in common?   Give each movement a grade (A, B, C, D, F) to describe how effective their outcome was: Women: ___ Chicano: ___ American Indian: ___