The Body of Delivery Chapter 19

Beyond the ____________________________, audiences receive information from a speech through ________________________of communication: the _________and the _______. The _________________is made up of the ________________, or ______________, include the qualities of volume, pitch, rate, variety, and pronunciation and articulation described in chapter 18. _______________ refers to ______ something is said, not to _________ is said.

The ________________includes the speaker’s ___________________and ________________ _______________, gestures, general body movement, dress, and objects held. Paralanguage and the visual elements of a speech are critical to an audience’s ________________of the ___________ you wish to convey. According to one study, listeners derive _____ of the meaning of any message about feelings and attitudes from the _______________, _____ from the ________________, and ______ from the speaker’s facial expressions/body movement.

Functions of Nonverbal Delivery Researchers have identified several ways in which nonverbal communication works together with the spoken words of a speech: Nonverbal communication ________________of ____________________; __________________________, creating a __________________between speaker and listener; Establishes a _______________ between __________ and ______________; Establishes speaker _______________.

Clarify Verbal Messages The impact of the verbal component of your speech-what you say-depends largely on your _________ and ________ actions while saying it. The same words spoken with different ________ ____________ or different _________________ convey different meanings. For example: When you say “I hate you” (with a smile on your face, and laughing) to a best friend because they got a brand new car; vs. screaming “I hate you” (with a grimace on your face) to someone who is constantly mean to you.

Facilitate Feedback Listeners use a host of body cues to communicate their pleasure or displeasure with a speech, such as: _____________(either in agreement or disagreement), ______________, ____________, _______________, etc. Being ___________ to such ___________ and responding to it can mean the difference between an _________________and one that feels _____________________________.

Establish relationships between Speaker and Audience ________________allows you to _______ your _______________ with the audience, establishing a _________________ and __________________ that is suitable to the topic, purpose, and occasion. To stimulate a __________________ and _______________, for example, you can move out from behind the podium and walk or stand among audience members.

Establish Speaker Credibility Nonverbal communication plays a key part in the _______________________of your _______________, __________________, and __________________. For example, audiences are more _________ __________ by speakers who emphasize____ ______________, ______________, ________ _________________, and standing with an open _________________than by those who minimize these nonverbal cues.

Pay Attention to Body Movement Audience members are quick to detect discrepancies between ________________ and __________________. As they listen to you they are simultaneously evaluating the cues sent by your: ________________ ______________ ___________________________.

Animate Your Facial Expressions From your ____________________, audiences can gauge whether we are _____________ or ______________ to our speech. Facial expressions are an ___________________, but only if they make use of them. Few behaviors are more effective with an audience than ________________. A smile is a sign of mutual _____________ at the start of a speech, mutual ______________________in the speech, and mutual _________________ at the close of the speech. Smiling when you feel _____________ can help you ___________ and gain composure.

Maintain Eye Contact Maintaining eye contact is mandatory in establishing a ____________________with your listeners. It is one of the most, if not the most, _______________________ in public speaking. Eye contact maintains the _____________________ in speech delivery. It lets people know they are ______________ and indicates _________________ and _________________. The technique of _____________ is when you move your gaze from one listener to another and from one section to another, pausing briefly on each individual.

Use Gestures that Feel Natural ____________seldom Convey what we want to __________. Head, arm, hand, and even leg gestures are often critical in helping to _______________ we try to convey in words. ___________________ fill in the gaps.

Be Aware of General Body Movement General Body movement is also important in _____________________________and processing of your message. A speaker’s ________________ sends a definite message to the audience. Listeners perceive speakers who slouch as being _____________, ____________, and even weak. Strive to ______________with the goal being to appear _________________________, not rigid.

Practice the Delivery Focus on the _____________ __________ the speech Be prepared to ____________ your speaking notes Practice Under _______________ __________ Your Speech Plan ahead and practice often