April 11, 2018 Mental Math…be ready. You need: Clean paper (2) / pencil Warm Up: Mental Math…be ready. I CAN: recognize and define balanced and unbalanced forces.

How can we describe motion? Motion can be described by: DISTANCE (length) TIME (min, seconds) SPEED (distance and time) DIRECTION (which way) ACCELERATION (change in motion) Speed up, slow down, change direction VELOCITY…speed and direction

In math terms… Distance Speed = Time A “change in position over time” is the same as saying: Distance Speed = Time

What does “speed” mean? Some examples of speed: 60 miles/hour 100 meters/minute Let’s break it down… If you travel 60 miles per hour, how far do you travel in 1 hour? 60 miles/hour is the same as 60 miles 1 hour

Let’s practice calculating speed If you travel 100 km in 2 hours, what is your speed? Speed = Distance Time Distance = 100 km Time = 2 hours Speed = 100 km 2 h Speed = 50 km/h

S = distance = 600 miles miles = 200 time 3 hours hours

D S T Speed = Distance Time Time = Distance Speed Distance = Speed x Time D S T

Speed vs. Velocity SPEED – tells you have fast or slow something is moving (changing position). Example = 25 km/h VELOCITY – tells you speed AND DIRECTION! (changing position in a certain direction) Example = 25 km/h EAST

What do you know about force? What do you need to know to describe a force? What happens if forces are both acting on the same thing? CIBL kit

Let’s try something You have a rope – find the middle color. Drape it across the desks to a table partner across from you. Write out the goal: GOAL = Each of you will need to pull on the rope in such a way as to make sure the middle does NOT move. EXPLAIN = How did you do it? CIBL kit

Let’s try again Same scenario. Drape it across the desks to a table partner across from you. Write out the GOAL: GOAL = Each of you will need to pull on the rope in such a way as to make sure the middle does move toward ONE of the pair. EXPLAIN = How did you do it? CIBL kit

What would you call that? If it doesn’t move? If it does move? Sketch an example of each onto your paper. Give two examples of balanced forces and two examples of unbalanced forces.

Introduction to FORCES

A FORCE is a PUSH or PULL in a particular DIRECTION. FORCES When you ride a bike, your foot PUSHES against the pedal. The push makes the wheels of the bike move. When you drop something, it is PULLED to the ground by gravity. A FORCE is a PUSH or PULL in a particular DIRECTION.

FORCES FORCES AFFECT HOW OBJECTS MOVE. Forces can affect motion in the following ways: They can make objects: START MOVING MOVE FASTER MOVE SLOWER STOP MOVING CHANGE DIRECTION CHANGE SHAPE BIG SCIENCE IDEA

FORCES Identify each picture as a PUSH or a PULL. Is the force causing a change in speed or direction or both?

Forces cause ACCELERATION. Since forces cause changes in SPEED or DIRECTION of an object, we can say that forces change VELOCITY, so…. Forces cause ACCELERATION.

FORCES 1) Strength of the Forces 2) Direction of the Forces More than one force can act on an object at one time. What happens to the object when forces act depends on 2 things: 1) Strength of the Forces 2) Direction of the Forces

FORCES Forces may WORK TOGETHER or OPPOSE each other. When 2 or more forces act on an object, the forces combine to form a net force. Forces may WORK TOGETHER or OPPOSE each other.

FORCES If the forces cancel each other out, and do not cause the object to move, the forces are said to be BALANCED. If the forces don’t cancel each other out – 1 force is stronger than the others – the forces are UNBALANCED and will cause a CHANGE IN MOTION.

MEASURING FORCE The strength of a force is measured in NEWTONS. The symbol is (N). We use a SPRING SCALE to measure force.

MEASURING FORCE Always “zero” your balance before use. Pull gently and with constant force. Practice using your spring scale to drag items across your desk. STOP HERE!

Try on your own! Take off a shoe (one per table) – keep your socks ON!! Use the “mystery tool” to push or pull the shoe across the table. Flip the shoe so that the laces are down and try again. Write your observations!

Shoe lab Record the amount of force at the moment the shoe first moves! Record your data!

COMBINING FORCES = 5 N right + 10 N right 5 N right Two forces in the same direction can add together to produce a larger net force. 5 N right + = 10 N right 5 N right

COMBINING FORCES = 5 N right - 5 N left 10 N left Two forces in opposite directions can subtract to produce a smaller net force in the direction of the larger force. 5 N right - = 5 N left 10 N left

COMBINING FORCES 0 N = - 5 N right 5 N left Two forces may cancel each other out (if equal and opposite) to produce NO NET FORCE. 5 N right 5 N left - = 0 N (No Net Force)

Circle the best answer: The forces shown above are PUSHING / PULLING forces. The forces shown above are WORKING TOGETHER / OPPOSITE FORCES. The forces shown above are EQUAL / NOT EQUAL. The forces DO / DO NOT balance each other. The net force is 1000 N TO THE RIGHT / 1000 N TO THE LEFT / ZERO. There IS / IS NO motion.

Circle the best answer: 7) The forces shown are PULLING / PUSHING forces. 8) The forces shown are WORKING TOGETHER / OPPOSITE FORCES. 9) The forces shown are EQUAL / NOT EQUAL. 10) The forces DO / DO NOT balance each other. 11) The stronger force is pulling RIGHT / LEFT. 12) Motion is the to the RIGHT / LEFT.

50 N NET FORCE 200 N 150 N Two movers are trying to move a heavy box. One mover pushes to the right with a force of 150 N. The other mover pushes to the left with a force of 200 N. a) Draw & label the forces on the diagram. b) What is the net force? 50 N LEFT c) Will the box move? YES d) If yes, in what direction? LEFT

14) Two movers are trying to move a heavy chair 14) Two movers are trying to move a heavy chair. One mover PULLS to the left with a force of 200 N. The other mover PUSHES to the left with a force of 200 N. a) Draw & label the forces on the diagram. b) What is the net force? 400 N LEFT c) Will the chair move? YES d) If yes, in what direction? LEFT 400 N NET FORCE 200 N 200 N

MIKE Four children are fighting over the same toy. Mike is pulling North with a 50 N force, Justin is pulling East with a 40 N force, Chantal is pulling South with a 50 N force, and Tykera is pulling West a 30 N force. a) Draw & label the forces on the diagram. b) Is there a net force on the toy? YES = 10 N EAST c) In which direction will the toy move? EAST d) Who gets the toy? JUSTIN 50 N TYKERA JUSTIN 30 N 40 N 50 N 10 N Net Force CHANTAL