Increasing K-12 Students' Interest in Computing Barb Ericson Director, Computing Outreach College of Computing Georgia Tech Presented by Maureen Biggers, Indiana University, co-PI “Georgia Computes!”

Background Research on why students don't go into computing shows that students don't know what computing is and/or they believe the negative stereotypes boring anti-social not creative irrelevant only for White and Asian males they think there are no jobs girls and underrepresented minorities have less experience with computing the stereotype

Goals Introduce computing in a way that is fun, social, relevant, and creative gives girls and underrepresented minorities more exposure to computing provides female and underrepresented minorities as role models Girl Scout Mom and Me with PicoCrickets

Alliance Partners Girls Scout Council of Greater Atlanta YWCA Teen Girls in Technology Program after school program at 4 middle schools up to 15 girls at each school Girls Scout Council of Greater Atlanta approx 40,000 girls 4th grade to high school CEISMC handles registration for our summer camps handles evaluation YWCA TGI-Tech girls

YWCA Teen Girls in Technology Started fall 2007 at 2 middle schools expanded to 3 schools in spring 2008 1.5 hour workshops PicoCrickets Scratch Storytelling Alice LEGO NXT robots FIRST LEGO League all female and mostly African American team the girls said that they wouldn't join the school's existing team The workshops are after school from 4:30pm – 6pm. YWCA team at FIRST competition

YWCA Evaluation Pre surveys at the beginning of a semester Post surveys at the end of a semester Biggest increases in computing is fun Girls can have jobs in computing The graphs are from just one of the programs-Bunche. The interesting thing is that we had some of the biggest problems with behavior at Bunche.

Girl Scout Activities Started fall 2005 Types of activities huge growth since then especially with the BPC Types of activities Dad and me – 1 hour Mom and me – 1 hour Longer computing workshops – 4 hour Hispanic Girl workshops 3 - 2 hour sessions bused girls in for a 4 hour session Summer camps – 1-2 weeks pre BPC BPC During the 2005-2006 school year about 190 girls had some introduction to computing with the Girl Scouts. In 2006-2007 it was 370. In 2007-2008 it was 1595. We expect an even larger number for 2008-2009.

Dad and me (Mountain Jubilee) Girls and their dads go camping for a weekend Girls program a pre-built robot in one hour sessions courses of different levels of difficulty Benefits Dads and girls see female role models Dads get career brochures Research says dads heavily influence girls, especially in non-traditional female fields Recruit for 4 hour workshops

Mom and Me (Serendipity) Girls and their moms go camping for the weekend One activity is PicoCrickets musical pickle kinetic sculpture reaction game birthday cake Benefits Moms and girls see female role models Moms get career brochures Research says moms influence girls Recruit for 4 hour workshops

Four hour Girl Scout workshops Event Computers are fun. Computing is hard. Programming is hard. Girls can do computing. Computer jobs are boring. I am good at computing I know more than my friends about computers. Alice 3/8/08 .503   .601 .118 .043 .678 .397 Crickets 3/1/08 .040 .001 .050 .065 .104 .042 Crickets 3/30/08 .464 .421 .444 .890 .473 .356 Crickets Summer 07 .151 Hispanic Crickets 4/16/08 .074 .060 .435 .045 .217 .952 Hispanic Crickets 11/6/07 .580 .757 .508 .205 Crickets 10/27/07 .079 .312 .208 .914 .012 .002 Robot Extreme 4/12/08 1.00 .878 .776 .959 .220 .916 RobotBasics 1/26/08 .155 .516 .167 .132 .944 RobotBasics 3/10/08 .628 .882 .891 Robot at Tech .910 .394 .479 .813 .425 Robots Misty Mtn .281 .579 .620 .177 .693 .441 Scratch 2/9/08 .383 .253 .036 .404 .722 .523 Activities Robot basics Extreme robots PicoCrickets Scratch Storytelling Alice Benefits longer time to work build and program robots female role models pre and post attitude surveys about 30% take >1 workshop Our pre and post surveys changed over time so some questions are blank. The exciting thing is that we are getting statistical significant changes in attitudes towards computing in 4 hour workshops.

Robot Basics Girls build and program LEGO NXT robots build the model that comes with the kit 1-1.5 hours program the robot to go through courses of various difficulties girls program a 30 second dance girls learn about sequential programming loops creating procedures

Extreme Robots Girls build more complicated NXT robots 1.5-2.5 hours to build more complex challenges using sensors girls learn about loops conditionals event handling We use the engineering curriculum volume II from CMU for some ideas and have senior research groups at Georgia Tech create other ideas (like the maze solver shown above).

PicoCrickets Girls create arts and crafts for the digital age start with existing activities reaction game kinetic sculpture musical pickles birthday cake challenge the girls to do something creative Park theme Halloween theme girls learn about sequential programming random numbers event handling

Scratch Girls create 2D animations and games show girls the basics of Scratch walk them through creating a simple 2D game challenge them to create their own animation or game girls learn about event handling loops conditionals variables message passing and receiving random numbers We first created a Harry Potter capture the snitch game but that was too complicated for the girls. Now we have a witch catching a pumpkin or a baby catching a ball game.

Storytelling Alice Create 3D stories and games work on an Alice tutorial plan a story using a storyboard work on their own story girls learn about Objects and classes invoking methods creating methods sequential and parallel programming random numbers variables

Hispanic Girl Scout Workshops We went to an elementary school 3 visits 2 hours each visit LEGO Robots PicoCrickets Bused in girls to Georgia Tech for a 4 hour workshop We weren't getting many Hispanic girls in our 4 hour workshops at Georgia Tech. So we decided to go to an elementary school with a large Hispanic population and also got an Anita Borg Systers Pass-it-on grant to bus Hispanic students to Georgia Tech for a 4 hour workshop.

Some Comments from Post Surveys PicoCrickets Best things "That we could program things and make them move" "Being creative" "I really liked this workshop. You should have it more often!" Robot Basics "Having fun building a robot with my best friend" "That I learned so much in 4 hours" "This workshop was fun. I am pretty sure I will be back :)" Extreme Robots "Working with my best friend and getting to work with my favorite thing" "This was an awesome experience"

Comments - Continued Scratch Alice Best things "I got to play a Harry Potter game and make a video" "Making your own game" Alice "It was awesome! It is so much fun making animated movies" "You could be really creative and make it funny" "I thought it was so much fun. I was leaning toward graphic design and know I really want to do it" "It was awesome. I never knew there was such thing" We also had comments that some girls found the activities boring. But, on average about 90% agree that they would recommend the workshop to their friends.

Lessons Learned Start with some example activities but always challenge the girls to create something on their own If we just did the example activities with PicoCrickets the girls would finish and sit there Most girls cite the ability to create something new as their favorite thing about the workshop Some girls don't want to do a tutorial they want to follow along while someone shows them what to do but this can also lead to complaints about speed What some girls really like others will not – robots tend to get increases in both positive and negative attitudes towards computing some love the robots and buy their own some have difficultly in building the robot

Teaching HCI to Teens – Sarita Yardi 6-week HCI summer course with 10 Atlanta youth Motivating youth through personally relevant, design-based projects builds off higher education HCI curricula Participants learned about sketching ideas designing prototypes conducting interviews usability

Chat Client for OLPC – Jill Dimond 2-weeks with 15 girls at a Girl Scout camp in Northwest Georgia Motivating girls by designing and programming a chat client like the AOL instant messenger or MSN Messenger for the One Laptop Per Child XO The girls learned about user requirements designing low and high fidelity paper prototypes communicating ideas and implementing their designs by programming a functioning chat client

Game Testers to Technologist - Betsy DiSalvo African American males play video games more than any other group. Yet, their interest in video games is not leading them in to computer science fields. We are developing a game tester job-training program Teach them to “look under the hood” Teach them game testing skills Ran workshops during Fall 2008 “I really want to learn how to read stuff like that [computer programs], to understand what it means not just letters and objects in a square, but to understand.” -- Jailen, age 15, workshop participant

Georgia Tech Summer Camps High school camps 2004 – 2006 2 weeks 2007 – 2008 3 weeks Alice, LEGO robots, RoboCup Jr, Media Computation in Python 23

Georgia Tech Summer Camps Middle school camps 2006 – 3 weeks 2007 – 5 weeks 2008 – 5 weeks Scratch and PicoCrickets LEGO robots and Alice RoboCup Jr rescue dance

Summer Camp Evaluation Pre surveys the first day Post surveys the last day Biggest changes in computing is fun I am good at computing 93% want to know more about computing This is an example of the type of results from one summer camp for middle school students (PicoCrickets and Scratch from the summer of 2007). I want to know more about computing

Impact from our Summer Camps At least 2 students have gone on to major in computer science at Georgia Tech one was an African American male who originally was planning to major in Chemistry One parent told us that, "her son had gone from an A to F student to a A to B student" "because he wanted to get into Georgia Tech" We plan to do a follow-up survey with all the students from 2004-2008

Seeded Summer Camps 2007 Darton College Kennesaw University Columbus State University 2008 Albany College Georgia Tech Savannah 2nd location Georgia Southwestern State University Columbus State Un. offered 4 weeks of summer camp in 2007 and 10 in 2008

Future Plans YWCA Girl Scouts Summer Camps Cool Girls follow-up with girls in 2010-2011 (8th graders will be in high school) Girl Scouts increase the number of 4 hour workshops encourage "seed money" grant winners to also offer Girl Scout workshops train leaders/parents to be FIRST LEGO League coaches in spring 2009 Summer Camps add rising 4th-5th grade camps add wearable, web design, and Scribbler robot camps seed summer camps in local high schools (Google RISE award) follow up with kids from 2004-2008 Cool Girls afterschool programs for low income girls at local schools started computing workshops at two middle schools in fall 2008 Boys and Girls Clubs large population of minority students in afterschool programs started computing workshops at 1 club fall 2008 planning to do Webinars to potentially reach many clubs RRISA – Refuge Girls Planning on a computing workshop in Jan 2009

Challenges Afterschool programs Weekend workshops we have to hire people who can drive to the location and bring materials only 1 – 2 hours of work time not the same students each visit students often want to socialize Weekend workshops have to avoid home game days only so many days we can hold these students need transportation students often forget to bring lunch On the whole weekend workshops are easier for us. We have an easier time finding students to work them. The kids are more engaged. We have a longer time to work with them.

Dissemination Presentation on getting kids excited about computing at NECC 2008 handed out 2Gig USB's with material Material is available on the ICE web site http://coweb.cc.gatech.edu/ice-gt/ Suggestions on AP and Systers mailing lists individuals have downloaded and used the materials Contributions to NCWIT materials talking points for parents and teachers promising practices Planning to write a paper for the Journal for Computing Teachers (JCT) how to attract students to computing

Evaluation Results 240 Girl Scouts receive contextualized computing instruction X YWCA facilitators mentor and provide contextualized computing instruction to 225 YWCA girls over 3 years Female students express excitement over their participation in a vibrant, active community

Evaluation Results 240 Girl Scouts receive contextualized computing instruction: 2005-2006: 190 2006-2007: 372 2007-2008: 1595

Evaluation Results X YWCA facilitators mentor and provide contextualized computing instruction to 225 YWCA girls over 3 years Results 10 Facilitators YWCA: 99 Boys & Girls Club: 20 Cool Girls: 52 RRISA (Refugee Girls): starting Jan. 09 Two-Year Combined Total: 171

Evaluation Results Female students express excitement over their participation in a vibrant, active community "I learned more about how to use computers." "It was fun. I learned about the coordinate plane." "I got to meet new 7th graders and the field trips." "I like building the robots." "I liked that we got to learn in an environment that allowed us to learn with our friends."

Evaluation Results - Interview African American male Planning to major in chemistry/engineering His mother pushed him into the Georgia Tech summer camp "This is going to be a lot like school" "People who do computing are people who memorize pi to the 100th decimal place" At the camp, he used Media Computation, Mindstorms robots, and built a computer Motivated him to take AP CS in high school (scored a 3) His friends told him, "there are no black kids in computing. It is for geeky, nerdy kids". Came to Georgia Tech and majored in Computer Science Because of the Threads program Intrigued by research he saw in the summer camps 3rd year CS student expecting to graduate in 2010 Teaching Assistant for Media Computation His friends now come to him with ideas for computer games and applications Planning to go to graduate school