Ch. 17: Classification Describe the organization of taxa in biological classification system

Do now: How are apples and oranges classified or grouped?

The science of grouping organisms based on similarities is called classificaton The branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on their characteristics is called taxonomy

Early scientists used common names (everyday names) or long scientific descriptions to describe organisms, both of which were confusing.

Aristotle was the first to develop a system of Classification, 2000 years ago. It was useful, but a little “whacky”.

C. Aristotle was the first to develop a system of Classification, based on structural similarities, 2000 years ago. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) developed the modern system of grouping organisms into hierarchical categories. Video: Taxonomy

1. He placed structurally similar organisms into the following groups: D. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) developed the modern system of grouping organisms into hierarchical categories. 1. He placed structurally similar organisms into the following groups: Kingdom- largest group (6 kingdoms) Phylum- (Division in plants- make up kingdoms) Class- (classes make up Phyla) Order Family Genus Species Classification Rap

Binomial Nomenclature: rather than using all Kingdom- King Phylum- Philip Class- Came Order- Over Family- From Genus- Great Species- Spain Binomial Nomenclature: rather than using all 7 categories in naming an organism, Linnaeus used only the genus and species 3. All names are in Latin.

work on page 457 to find out if the red wolf is separate species than coyote and gray wolf Analyze the relationship among the red wolf, coyote, and gray wolf according to physical and genetic factors?

Lesson Objectives: Describe how evolutionary relationships are determined How to read/make a cladogram determine evolutionary relationships by analyzing an evolutionary tree

Do now: Organize the seven creatures based on similar characteristics?

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based upon similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics. It also is called a cladogram.

Derived Characters Characteristics that appear more recently in a group but are not seen in older organisms. Examples:

Which pair is more closely related? A lizard/crocodile or bird/crocodile?

Lesson Objectives: Describe how evolutionary relationships are determined Analyze and Create dichotomous keys to identify various organisms

DO NOW: Which statement concerning the evolution of species A, B, C, D, and E is supported by the diagram below? (1) Species B and C can be found in today’s environments. (2) Species A and D evolved from E. (3) Species A and C can still interbreed. (4) Species A, B, and E all evolved from a common ancestor and all are successful today.

Dichotomous Keys A step-by-step guide to help identify an organism What am I?? A step-by-step guide to help identify an organism Follows a series of choices that lead you to the organism’s name Photo Credit: Sam? (Flickr)

Here's an example in written form using these items: 1. a. Organism is living........................................................go to 4. 1. b. Organism is nonliving..................................................go to 2. 2. a. Object is metallic........................................................go to 3. 2. b. Object is nonmetallic..................................................ROCK 3. a. Object has wheels......................................................BICYCLE. 3. b. Object does not have wheels......................................TIN CAN.

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Check for Understanding A diagram that shows an evolutionary relationship is a ________________________ A characteristic that appears only in recent members is called a ________________ character The study of evolutionary relationships is called __________________________ A system to find the name of an unknown organism is a _______________________ key

Which types of evidence was used to classify organisms in this lab?