Trilogy – Chemistry – CHAPTER 2 – Structure, bonding and properties Ionic bonding Occurs between ________ and ____ _______ Metals __________ electrons to form ____________ ions. Non-metals __________ electrons to form __________________ ions. An ionic bond is the ____________ attraction between ____________ and _________ ions. Draw an electron transfer diagram for Na2O Covalent bonding Occurs between ___________ and _________. A covalent bond is the __________ of a ______ of electrons. A single covalent bond is the share of ____ pair. A double covalent bond is the share of ___ pairs. A triple covalent bond is the share of ____ pairs. Draw a diagram to show the bonding in water (H2O) Metallic bonding Occurs between metals. The atoms are __________ packed and held together in a moving sea of ___________ __________. Draw a diagram to show metallic bonding. Giant ionic Giant covalent Simple covalent Metallic Eg NaCl, ________, ________ Eg diamond and ___________ Eg H2O, _________, _________ Eg Iron Properties Prperties KEY WORDS: Ionic Covalent Metallic Electrons Electrostatic Lattice Delocalised electrons ASSESSMENT: Changes of state: Melting – Freezing – Evaporating – Condensing – Subliming - 1

Trilogy – Chemistry – CHAPTER 2 – Structure, bonding and properties Ionic bonding Occurs between metals and non metals Metals lose electrons to form positive ions. Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions. An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions. Draw an electron transfer diagram for Na2O Covalent bonding Occurs between non-metal and non-metal. A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of electrons. A single covalent bond is the share of 1 pair. A double covalent bond is the share of 2 pairs. A triple covalent bond is the share of 3 pairs. Draw a diagram to show the bonding in water (H2O) Metallic bonding Occurs between metals. The atoms are tightly packed and held together in a moving sea of delocalised electrons. Draw a diagram to show metallic bonding. Giant ionic Giant covalent Simple covalent Metallic Eg NaCl, MgO, Li2O (any examples) Eg diamond and graphite Eg H2O, NH3, CO2 Eg Iron Properties High melting and boiling points Conduct when molten or in solution String electrostatic forces of attraction Very high melting and boiling points Diamond = cannot conduct due to 4 covalent bonds Graphite = can conduct due to delocalised electrons that can move Low melting and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces Cannot conduct as no free electrons to move Conduct due to sea of delocalised electrons Regular, giant lattice structure KEY WORDS: Ionic Covalent Metallic Electrons Electrostatic Lattice Delocalised electrons ASSESSMENT: Changes of state: Melting – from solid to liquid; increase in temperature Freezing – from liquid to solid; decrease in temperature Evaporating – from liquid to gas; increase in temperature Condensing – from gas to liquid; decrease in temperature Subliming – from solid to gas or gas to solid. 2