GROWING TENSIONS Texas History, Ch. 8

1820s TEXAS SETTLEMENTS Texas’ economy was closely tied to the economy of the United States, since most immigrants to Texas came from there.

HADEN EDWARDS Haden Edwards was awarded contract in East Texas, near Nacogdoches Edwards found that settlers were already living on his lands.

REPUBLIC OF FREDONIA Edwards’ brother, Benjamin, and a small group of settlers took over the Old Stone Fort in Nacogdoches They proclaimed themselves an independent country from Mexico.

REPUBLIC OF FREDONIA Mexican soldiers were sent to put down the revolt. Most Fredonians fled back into the U.S. The Mexican government began to distrust Anglo settlers.

OLD STONE FORT Nacogdoches was the site of the 1st clash between colonists and Mexican authorities.

Investigation into Revolt Mexican soldiers were sent to Nacogdoches to prevent new uprisings. Colonel Mier y Teran observed that the Anglo American influence was strong, as settlers from the U.S. outnumbered Mexican settlers.

NEW LAWS In 1829, the president of Mexico issued a decree, or order that has the force of law, abolishing slavery in both Mexico and Texas. Texans wanted to be exempt, or excused, from this decree. Law never put into effect, but raised fears among Anglo-American slaveholders.

LAW OF APRIL 6, 1830 New forts created Custom duties were placed on American goods Empresario contracts were suspended The purpose of the law was to deny further Anglo-American influence in East Texas

LAW OF APRIL 6, 1830 Ended all immigration from the United States

ANAHUAC Port and Mexican garrison that controlled commerce into Mexico Commanded by John Davis Bradburn

ANAHUAC Bradburn was unpopular with the settlers; he arrested Travis and Jack for interfering with the collection of import taxes.

ANAHUAC The Mexican commander of Nacogdoches garrison sided with settlers and removed Bradburn from command.

BATTLE OF VELASCO John Austin traveled to get a cannon to fight against Bradburn at Anahuac. Mexican troops under Col. Ugartechea thought Austin was a rebel.

BATTLE OF VELASCO The two groups fought; Ugartechea and his troops surrendered.

TURTLE BAYOU RESOLUTIONS While waiting for John Austin’s return, colonists adopted a resolution declaring their loyalty to Mexico.

TURTLE BAYOU RESOLUTIONS A resolution is a formal statement.

MEXICAN REVOLUTION Santa Anna was popular with the colonists because he declared he was a Federalist. Anastasio Bustamente was the unpopular Centralist President of Mexico.

CONVENTIONS OF 1832-1833 Delegates met at San Felipe and resolved that Texas become a separate Mexican state Prepared a constitution for the proposed state

CONVENTIONS OF 1832, 1833 Austin traveled to Mexico City to meet with Santa Anna.

AUSTIN IS ARRESTED Austin spent a year in jail in Mexico City Cos claimed Santa Anna now rejected the Constitution of 1824. On his return to Texas, Austin was arrested in Saltillo for a letter he had written to authorities in San Antonio

MARTIN DE COS Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila Brother-in-law of Santa Anna Wanted to arrest Texas leaders

CONSULTATION OF 1835 Texas colonists concerned about the situation and called for a convention at Washington-On-The-Brazos.

WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS

Peace Party vs. War Party Stephen F. Austin returned from Mexico and told delegates to prepare for war. “War is our only resource.”

TEXAS in 1835 Austin approved the actions of the Consultation because he thought Santa Anna was becoming a dictator.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

REVIEW QUESTION Where was the Consultation of 1835 held? Mexico City Washington-on-the-Brazos San Felipe

Washington-On-The-Brazos answer Washington-On-The-Brazos

REVIEW QUESTION Austin said, “War is our only resource!” Why? He thought war would help the economy He believed Santa Anna had become a dictator He believed war was the only way for Texas to stay apart from Mexico

He believed Santa Anna had become a dictator answer He believed Santa Anna had become a dictator

REVIEW QUESTION With which country’s economy was Texas most closely tied? United States France Spain

answer The United States

REVIEW QUESTION The Law of April 6, 1830 Mexican Constitution of 1824 What action suspended empresario contracts and immigration to Texas from the U.S.? The Law of April 6, 1830 Mexican Constitution of 1824 Consultation of 1832-1833

answer Law of April 6, 1830

REVIEW QUESTION What was the purpose of the Law of April 6, 1830? To eliminate import taxes To deny Spanish occupation To deny further Anglo-American influence in Texas

To deny further Anglo-American influence in Texas. answer To deny further Anglo-American influence in Texas.

REVIEW QUESTION Who was Martin de Cos? Representative to the Coahuila y Tejas legislature Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila Governor of Mexico

Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila answer Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila

REVIEW QUESTION Why was Santa Anna initially popular with the Texas colonists? He declared himself a Centralist He declared himself a Republican He declared himself a Federalist

Santa Anna declared he was a Federalist. answer Santa Anna declared he was a Federalist.

REVIEW QUESTION What did the 1829 decree do? Ended immigration to Texas Ended slavery in Mexico, but not in Texas Ended slavery in both Mexico and Texas

It abolished slavery in Mexico, but not in Texas answer It abolished slavery in Mexico, but not in Texas

REVIEW QUESTION What did Empressario Haden Edwards find upon his arrival in Nacogdoches in East Texas? A Native American village A fertile wilderness People already living on the land

People were already living on the land. answer People were already living on the land.

REVIEW QUESTION Why did Benjamin Edwards seize the Old Stone Fort in Nacogdoches? To frighten Native Americans To revolt against Austin’s colony To declare independence from Mexico

To declare independence from Mexico answer To declare independence from Mexico

REVIEW QUESTION What happened as a result of the Fredonian Revolt? The U.S. lost interest in Texas The Mexican government began to distrust Anglo settlers Fredonia gained its independence

The Mexican government began to distrust Anglo settlers answer The Mexican government began to distrust Anglo settlers

REVIEW QUESTION Where was the site of the 1st clash between Texas colonists and Mexican troops? Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia Washington-on-the-Brazos

The Old Stone Fort at Nacogdoches. answer The Old Stone Fort at Nacogdoches.

REVIEW QUESTION What were the Turtle Bay Resolutions? Document that Santa Anna promised to support Constitution for the proposed Mexican state of Texas Statements in which colonists declared loyalty to Mexico

Statements in which colonists declared loyalty to Mexico answer Statements in which colonists declared loyalty to Mexico

REVIEW QUESTION After Mier y Teran and 200 Mexican soldiers put down the revolt at Fredonia, what did he observe? Anglo American influence was strong Settlers were mostly Catholic Settlers owned no slaves

Mier y Teran observed that the Anglo-America influence was strong. answer Mier y Teran observed that the Anglo-America influence was strong.

REVIEW QUESTION Why did Ugartechea try to arrest John Austin at the Battle of Velasco? Austin refused to pay customs duties Ugartechea thought Austin was a rebel There was a warrant for Austin’s arrest

Ugartechea thought Austin was a rebel. answer Ugartechea thought Austin was a rebel.

REVIEW QUESTION Where were the conventions of 1832 and 1833 held? What was resolved in 1833? San Felipe; to declare Texas a separate Mexican state Washington-on-the-Brazos; to end Mexican rule in Texas Nacogdoches; to accept the Mexican constitution

San Felipe; to declare Texas a separate Mexican state answer San Felipe; to declare Texas a separate Mexican state

REVIEW QUESTION What is an order that has the force of law? Rule Constitution Decree

answer Decree

REVIEW QUESTION Who was arrested for writing a letter to authorities in San Antonio? Patrick C. Jack Stephen F. Austin Haden Edwards

answer Stephen F. Austin

REVIEW QUESTION Who was the Centralist President of Mexico? Martin de Cos Santa Anna Anastasio Bustamante

answer Anastasio Bustamente

REVIEW QUESTION What is a “formal statement?” Order Decree Resolution

answer Resolution

REVIEW QUESTION What was the issue causing trouble in Anahuac in 1835? Collection of import taxes Imprisonment of Austin Trade with Native Americans

Collection of import taxes answer Collection of import taxes

TEXAS HISTORY CHAPTER 8: Good luck on the test!