Smarter Travel (2009) Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas (2009) Retail Planning Guidelines (2012) Planning Guiidelines: Local Area Plans (2013)

Sustainable Community Planning PLANNING EMPHASIS WHY? Sustainable Community Planning Integration of Land Use and Transport Well Connected & Walkable Road Design Standards DMURS Smarter Travel (2009) Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas (2009) Retail Planning Guidelines (2012) Planning Guiidelines: Local Area Plans (2013)

Replaced previous standards for urban areas DTTAS & DECLG Replaced previous standards for urban areas Mandatory in all urban areas within 60kph* ISSUES Broader scope / Integrated design More sustainable travel Evidence based Safer streets Pedestrians & Cyclists first Smarter Travel (2009) Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas (2009) Retail Planning Guidelines (2012) Planning Guiidelines: Local Area Plans (2013)

Multi-disciplinary design Value of Place Local Identity PLAN LED APPROACH Collaboration Multi-disciplinary design Value of Place Local Identity More pedestrians & Cyclists Attractive Environments Connectivity Safety Self Regulating Streets Smarter Travel (2009) Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas (2009) Retail Planning Guidelines (2012) Planning Guiidelines: Local Area Plans (2013)

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Geometric Design Materials & Specifications Transition Zones Quality Audits

Guidance based on Analytical Approach used in original manual DMURS Transition Zones Guidance based on Analytical Approach used in original manual

DMURS A Transition Zone is the zone between the rural environment and more urbanised development. It is an area, which may assist in slowing vehicles when entering an urban area from a relatively higher speed road.

2013 DMURS Transition Zones Measures applied to highlight zone and slow vehicles Create enclosure Apply geometric measures Changes to surface materials

N31 Frascati Road / Blackrock road Approach to Blackrock Village “It is an area, which may assist in slowing vehicles when entering an urban area from a relatively higher speed road.”

N31 2011

DMURS Transition Zone Design Principles Applied Enclosure with tree planting to extended median Changes to surface materials to reduce extent of cw surfacing Reduce actual carriage width N31 2011 N31 2018

Transition Zone

Transition Zone

Transition Zone new streets being formed extended public realm typically land uses with long frontages –sports, schools, retail etc. new boundaries established new avenues established new landmarks and gateways

Where is a Transition Zone ? Rural Fringe Town/ Settlement  Where is a Transition Zone ? “To understand the limits of a transition zone you need to understand the context of a street or road to see where context changes and so transition from rural fringe /industrial estate/town/village centre.” Street Context – Checklist for Designers in supplementary material The analysis of those elements which help the designer to distinguish between rural fringe, transition zone, and town centre.

Boundary – hedgerow and trees Footpath – none Kerb – none Transition Zone   Rural Fringe Town/ Settlement  RURAL FRINGE Boundary – hedgerow and trees Footpath – none Kerb – none Access – infrequent or limited to farmland Road width – carriageway only Street lighting – none Built form – infrequent Speed limit - should be greater than 60kph   TRANSITION ZONE Boundary – hedgerow and garden hedges with occasional boundary walls and gates Footpath – commencing to one side Kerb – occasional to one side Access – increased individual access Road width – carriageway, including setback/layby Street lighting – occasional or none Built form – occasional one off buildings offset from road Speed limit – should be 50-60kph   TOWN/SETTLEMENT Boundary – garden hedges, walls, railings Footpath –both sides Kerb – continuous dropped at crossings Access –individual, school and housing access Road width – carriageway only, no setback or parking Street lighting –one side Built form – closer to road, more regular building line Speed limit – should be less than 50kph  

Boundary – hedgerow and trees Footpath – none Kerb – none Transition Zone   Rural Fringe Town/ Settlement  RURAL FRINGE Boundary – hedgerow and trees Footpath – none Kerb – none Access – infrequent or limited to farmland Road width – carriageway only Street lighting – none Built form – infrequent Speed limit - should be greater than 60kph   TRANSITION ZONE Boundary – hedgerow and garden hedges with occasional boundary walls and gates Footpath – commencing to one side Kerb – occasional to one side Access – increased individual access Road width – carriageway, including setback/layby Street lighting – occasional or none Built form – occasional one off buildings offset from road Speed limit – should be 50-60kph   TOWN/SETTLEMENT Boundary – garden hedges, walls, railings Footpath –both sides Kerb – continuous dropped at crossings Access –individual, school and housing access Road width – carriageway only, no setback or parking Street lighting –one side Built form – closer to road, more regular building line Speed limit – should be less than 50kph  

Boundary – hedgerow and trees Footpath – none Kerb – none Transition Zone   Rural Fringe Town/ Settlement  RURAL FRINGE Boundary – hedgerow and trees Footpath – none Kerb – none Access – infrequent or limited to farmland Road width – carriageway only Street lighting – none Built form – infrequent Speed limit - should be greater than 60kph   TRANSITION ZONE Boundary – hedgerow and garden hedges with occasional boundary walls and gates Footpath – commencing to one side Kerb – occasional to one side Access – increased individual access Road width – carriageway, including setback/layby Street lighting – occasional or none Built form – occasional one off buildings offset from road Speed limit – should be 50-60kph   TOWN/SETTLEMENT Boundary – garden hedges, walls, railings Footpath –both sides Kerb – continuous dropped at crossings Access –individual, school and housing access Road width – carriageway only, no setback or parking Street lighting –one side Built form – closer to road, more regular building line Speed limit – should be less than 50kph  

1. Reduce the actual width of Carriageways Transition Zone Design Principles 1. Reduce the actual width of Carriageways

1. Reduce the actual width of Carriageways Transition Zone Design Principles 1. Reduce the actual width of Carriageways Often transition zone carriageway widths exceed the recommended DMURS road widths Often widths, typically indicted by yellow dashed lines in rural areas, can be reduced There may be run off areas between the dashed yellow lines and the vegetated verge.

Before - 2 lanes, excessive CW width with path to one side only Kilcullen Road Naas Before - 2 lanes, excessive CW width with path to one side only After - lanes reduced to 2 as part of street upgrade works, allows additional space for pedestrians and cycle routes.

Before - 2 lanes, excessive CW width with path to one side only Kilcullen Road Naas Before - 2 lanes, excessive CW width with path to one side only After - lanes reduced to 2 as part of street upgrade works, allows additional space for pedestrians and cycle routes. Further application of Design Principles – trees planted to add vertical elements and roadside planting breaks up the extent of hard surfacing visible

2. Reduce the perceived width of Carriageways Transition Zone Design Principles 2. Reduce the perceived width of Carriageways

2. Reduce the perceived width of Carriageways Transition Zone Design Principles 2. Reduce the perceived width of Carriageways If no scope to reduce the actual width of carriageways there may be scope to reduce drivers perception of the width of carriageways. Reducing the extent of road surfacing visible in the transition zone or changes to materials can also influence driver behaviour.

2. Reduce the perceived width of Carriageways Transition Zone Design Principles 2. Reduce the perceived width of Carriageways If no scope to reduce the actual width of carriageways there may be scope to reduce drivers perception of the width of carriageways. Reducing the extent of road surfacing visible in the transition zone or changes to materials can also influence driver behaviour. Old N24 Cahir, tree and shrub planting used as part of speed reduction measure to reduce perceived width

2. Reduce the perceived width of Carriageways Transition Zone Design Principles 2. Reduce the perceived width of Carriageways If no scope to reduce the actual width of carriageways there may be scope to reduce drivers perception of the width of carriageways. Reducing the extent of road surfacing visible in the transition zone or changes to materials can also influence driver behaviour. Old N24 Cahir, tree and shrub planting used as part of speed reduction measure to reduce perceived width Whiteladies Road, Bristol. Planters to the central zone of the carriageway with contrasting material between islands and crossings to break up the visual extent of hard surfacing.

3. Changes to Surface Materials Transition Zone Design Principles 3. Changes to Surface Materials

3. Changes to Surface Materials Transition Zone Design Principles 3. Changes to Surface Materials robust surfaces and/or changes in colour in Transition Zones are an important tool to alert drivers of changing driving conditions and increased pedestrian activity. In restricted road corridors the use of contrasting material may be the only design tool available to the designer.

3. Changes to Surface Materials Transition Zone Design Principles 3. Changes to Surface Materials robust surfaces and/or changes in colour in Transition Zones are an important tool to alert drivers of changing driving conditions and increased pedestrian activity. In restricted road corridors the use of contrasting material may be the only design tool available to the designer. Pavers and stone setts can also produce greater noise as the vehicle crosses over it which can provide an audible reference for pedestrians with visual difficulties. Saint-Armel, Brittany, gateway trees and local stone setts used across full carriageway width at the gateway and bus stop located at the entrance to the village.

4. Introducing Vertical Elements Transition Zone Design Principles 4. Introducing Vertical Elements

4. Introducing Vertical Elements Transition Zone Design Principles 4. Introducing Vertical Elements Provide vertical enclosure where no building line may be present. Vertical enclosure has been found to have a traffic-calming effect Elements such as trees signage sculptures, street furniture lighting   can be used to influence optical width and hence reduce driver speed.

4. Introducing Vertical Elements Transition Zone Design Principles 4. Introducing Vertical Elements Provide vertical enclosure where no building line may be present. Vertical enclosure has been found to have a traffic-calming effect Elements such as trees signage sculptures, street furniture lighting   can be used to influence optical width and hence reduce driver speed. Illustration of the concept of ‘optical width’ where the relationship between the width of the road and height of roadside elements such as trees, boundaries, built elements etc. can influence a driver’s perception of speed.

4. Introducing Vertical Elements Transition Zone Design Principles 4. Introducing Vertical Elements Provide vertical enclosure where no building line may be present. Vertical enclosure has been found to have a traffic-calming effect Elements such as trees signage sculptures, street furniture lighting   can be used to influence optical width and hence reduce driver speed. Vetterslev, Denmark. Trees with eventual canopy spread of 8-10m are planted at 3.5m centres, to create a dense continuous canopy and so form a distinctive vertical element, which acts as gateway to the town and signals the transition from rural fringe to settlement.

DMURS transition zone Longwood, Meath

DMURS transition zone Longwood, Meath Church Public Realm Sport New DMURS transition zone Longwood, Meath

DMURS transition zone Longwood, Meath Public Realm DMURS transition zone Longwood, Meath

longwood, Meath

New Transition Zone Streets Good quality streetscape materials will alert drivers of higher levels of pedestrian activity Consistency of street layout makes a street legible and easy to navigate / accessibility Path linkages should be structured to draw people towards civic buildings and spaces An avenue would create a strong sense of enclosure Co ordination of signage, lighting and seating /street furniture

New Transition Zone Streets Good quality streetscape materials will alert drivers of higher levels of pedestrian activity Consistency of street layout makes a street legible and easy to navigate / accessibility Path linkages should be structured to draw people towards civic buildings and spaces An avenue would create a strong sense of enclosure Co ordination of signage, lighting and seating /street furniture A large scale sculpture is used to signify the gateway to the Town and strong avenue trees create a sense of enclosure along the transition zone. Birr, Co. Offaly. Opportunity to establish a strong streetscape character and sense of place to enhance the gateway to the village and influence speed reduction and driver behaviour.

Website and Supplementary Material Due to be launched in Summer 2018/ end 2018