Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 169-175 (June 2014) Short- and long-term treatment with folic acid suppresses thrombus formation in atherogenic mice in vivo  Yukinori Tamura, Ayumi Inoue, Yoshinobu Ijiri, Aki Naemura, Junichiro Yamamoto  Pathophysiology  Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 169-175 (June 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.04.001 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Effects of short-term treatment with FA on the plasma folate levels (A) in young (age, 10 weeks) apoE−/−LDL−/− mice (0mg/kg: control [n=4], 20mg/kg [n=4]), and laser-induced thrombus formation (B) in young (n=9 in each group) and aged (age, 20 weeks, n=12 in each group) apoE−/−LDL−/− mice. Results are expressed as mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. control group. mg/kg: mg/kg of FA administrated. Pathophysiology 2014 21, 169-175DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.04.001) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effects of short-term treatment with FA on flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) in vivo (A) and platelet reactivity ex vivo (B) in young (n=6 in each group) and aged (n=9 in each group) apoE−/−LDL−/− mice. Results are expressed as mean±SEM. *p<0.05 vs. control group. mg/kg: mg/kg of FA administrated. Pathophysiology 2014 21, 169-175DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.04.001) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Effects of long-term treatment with FA on plasma folate levels (A) and laser-induced thrombus formation (B) in apoE−/−LDL−/− mice fed with an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Results were expressed as mean±SEM. **p<0.01 vs. control group (n=9 in each group). mg/kg: mg/kg of FA administrated. Pathophysiology 2014 21, 169-175DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.04.001) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of long-term treatment with FA on flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV; A), nitro-glycerine-mediated vasodilation (NMV; B) in vivo, and platelet reactivity ex vivo (C) in apoE−/−LDL−/− mice fed with an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Results were expressed as mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. control group (n=9 in each group). mg/kg: mg/kg of FA administrated. Pathophysiology 2014 21, 169-175DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.04.001) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effects of short-term (A) and long-term (B) treatment with FA on plasma homocysteine level in apoE−/−LDLR−/− mice. Results are expressed as mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. control group (n=7 in each group). mg/kg: mg/kg of FA administrated. Pathophysiology 2014 21, 169-175DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.04.001) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions