Ways to give our writing stylistic interest or power

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Ways to give our writing stylistic interest or power Rhetorical Devices Ways to give our writing stylistic interest or power

Two ways . . . SYNTAX The way we arrange our words length/grammar types of sentences voice (active/passive) structural variations DICTION The words we actually choose imagery ideas sound

SYNTAX: Types of sentences Simple (The cow sang.) Compound (The cow sang and the birds hummed along.) Complex (When the cow sang, the birds hummed along.) Compound Complex (When the cows sang, the birds hummed along and the humans thought of the Macdonald’s theme song)

Sentence lengths Very short sentences can add emphasis Long sentences can develop complex ideas, and build tension Sentence fragments can add extra punch

Voice Different speakers often organize their sentence in different ways that suggests their personality (Oh, I do believe, unless I’m wrong, that perhaps it is time to be off) Using the active voice is punchier than using the passive voice I raised taxes (active voice) Taxes were raised by me (passive voice)

Structural Variations Periodic Sentences I, after much thought, left my home

Structural Variations: Parallelism Parallelism: clauses or phrases of similar structure I loved the ones best who cared for me, who fought for me, and who died for me Antithesis: balanced sentences contrasting each other You always want to know what I’ve been doing; I always want to forget what I’ve been doing. Climactic Parallelism: parallel phrases that build I was born tall, grew up tall, and I died even taller. Chiasmus: parallel phrases with reversed elements When the going gets tough, the tough get going

DICTION CONNOTATIVE WORDS: Words with interesting associated meanings (black, white, slobbering, lunged, . . .) IMAGERY IDEAS SOUND Metaphor/simile repetition assonance Symbol exaggeration consonance Analogy understatement rhyme Allusion contrast onomatopoeia

Imagery (creating pictures) Metaphor: He is a rat! He scurried from the room Simile: He scurried like a rat. Symbol: Every day the maple leaf was being pecked at by the eagle Analogy: a formal essay is a three-piece suit; an informal essay is khakis and a golf shirt Allusion: I loved with a passion like Romeo loved his Juliet

IDEAS Repetition: I have a dream (Martin Luther King Jr. speech series of paragraphs) Exaggeration: Speaking to the class was my worst nightmare! (Hyperbole) Understatement: I was somewhat pleased to win the Lotto Jackpot. Contrast: Richard Parker would be a better travel mate than my sister.

SOUND EFFECTS Assonance: Able, and capable, and full, I waited for my call. (repeating vowel sounds– when at start of word, it is called alliteration) Consonance: I am happy when I’m particularly uppity. (repeating consonant sounds—when at start of word, it is called alliteration) Rhyme: Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee Onomatopoeia: Screech! Bang! Boom!

Let our readers FEEL and UNDERSTAND using the power of rhetoric