Nuclear Energy Anna Conrad.

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Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Energy Anna Conrad

The word “nuclear,” has an emotional response Bombing of Hiroshima Nuclear Weapons Radioactive waste Incident at Chernobyl April 26, 1986 Incident at 3 Mile Island-March,1979 Japan- March 11, 2011

The Science behind Nuclear Energy Fission E=mc2 1938-Otto Hahn & Fritz Strassmann 10n + 23592U [23692U]  14156Ba + 9236Kr + 3 10n U-238 (99.3%); U-235 (0.7%) 0.1% mass Reactants: Products

What initiates nuclear fission of U-235? 23894Pu 23492U +42He A heavier element releases alpha particles. 42He + 94Be 126C + 10n +00y Alpha particle hits Be and produces a neutron 10n + 23592U [23692U]  14156Ba + 9236Kr + 3 10n Neutron initiates fission of U-235

How do Nuclear Reactors Work?

Another perspective… E=mc2 How much energy would be released if all nuclei in 1 gram of U-235 were to undergo fission? Equal to an explosion of 33,000 tons of TNT Raise about 700,000 cars 6 miles into the sky

Nuclear Power Generation since 1973 Increase production Increase efficiency

No New Nuclear Plants Since 1978

Nuclear Energy & The US

Nuclear Power Worldwide-2005 16% of world electricity is from 440 nuclear power plants

US vs. the World 20% of electric power US has most nuclear reactors 1/3 are >30 y/o France is a leader in nuclear energy

Yucca Mountain

Types of Nuclear Radiation

Nuclear Waste is Here to Stay T1/2 of Pu-239: 24,110 years

Pros Using a small amount of U-235 to produce a lot of energy Cheap to keep operating No release of CO2 No SOx and NOx emissions Reduce acid rain

Percent of Overall Costs

Cons Faulty plant design Human error Political instability Safety violations among neighboring nations Radioactive waste disposal Terrorism; using Pu-239 for nuclear bombs Nuclear meltdown & human exposure

Future of Nuclear Energy Can we reprocess fuel for medical purposes?

Sources Eubanks, Lucy, etal. Chemistry in Context: Applying Chemistry to Society. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006. List of Power Reactor Units. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 19 April 2011. Online [Available] http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/list-power-reactor-units.html Radiation Protection. U.S Environmental Protection Agency. 4 April 2011. Online [Available] http://www.epa.gov/radiation/understand/calculate.html