Parts of speech.

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Presentation transcript:

Parts of speech

9 PARTS OF SPEECH IN LATIN CHANGEABLE: UNCHANGEABLE: NOUNS ADVERBS PRONOUNS DECLENSION CONJUNCTIONS ADJECTIVES PREPOSITIONS numerals INTERJECTIONS VERBS CONJUGATION

How to find Latin verb in a dictionary?

How to find Latin verb in a dictionary? 4 principal parts: Present infinitive perfect participle Duco ducĕre duxi ductus

LATIN VERB Verb has 5 characteristics: Person (1st, 2nd , 3rd ) Number (sg. Pl.) Tense (6 tenses from 3 stems) Voice (active and passive) Mood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive)

* All of these have personal endings which you need to memorize  Latin tenses * Present stem: perfect stem: participial stem: (2nd principal part) (3rd principal part) (4th principal part) Present perfect active perfect passive Imperfect pluperfect active pluperfect passive Future I future perfect active future perfect passive * All of these have personal endings which you need to memorize 

Latin nouns How to recognize Latin noun in a dictionary?

It has: Nominative, genitive, gender Villa, -ae, f. Servus, -i, m. Canis, -is, m. Virtus, -utis f.

Latin nouns belong to 5 declensions (families of nouns) They are grouped according to their endings in the genitive case If we deduct the genitive case ending we can find the pure stem Nom. gen. Ancilla, ancill-ae f. – 1st declension Servus, serv-i, m. - 2nd declension Rex, reg-is, m. - 3rd declension Manus, man-us f. – 4th declension Dies, di-ei, m/f. – 5th declension

Nouns have 6 cases What are cases? Why do we need them?

Cases are telling us what role a noun has in a sentence. Nominative- Subject Genitive-possession (s’, ‘s, of) Dative- indirect object (for whom or to whom) Accusative- direct object Vocative- used in direct speech Ablative- preposition (by, with, from, on)