Late Effects of Radiation

Linear Nonthreshold Response to Radiation: Life Span Shortening in Mice Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Expected Days of Life Lost Risky Condition Expected Days of Life Lost Being male rather than female 2800 Heart disease 2100 Being unmarried 2000 One pack of cigarettes a day 1600 Working as a coal miner 1100 Cancer 980 30 pounds overweight 900 Stroke 520 All accidents 435 Service in Vietnam 400 Motor vehicle accidents 200 Average occupational accidents 74 Speed limit increase from 55 to 65 mph 40 Radiation worker 12 Airplane crashes 1 Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Risk Estimates Relative risk Excess risk Absolute risk Observed cases/Expected cases Excess risk Absolute risk # Cases/106 persons/rad/yr Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Incidence of Leukemia in Atomic Bomb Survivors Hiroshima Nagasaki Total Total number of survivors in study 74,356 25,037 99,393 Observed cases of leukemia 102 42 144 Expected cases of leukemia 39 13 52 Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Radiation Induced Leukemia Latent period = 4 to 7 years At-risk period = 20 years Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Radiation Induced Cancers Observed in Irradiated Populations Thyroid cancer Thymus irradiation Rongelap Atoll nuclear test Bone cancer Radium watch dial painters Radium salt treatment Skin cancer Orthovoltage radiation therapy Breast cancer Tb treatment A-bomb survivors Lung cancer Uranium miners Liver and spleen cancer Thorotrast Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Effects of 200 rad in Utero Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Genetic Effects of Radiation Exposure Linear, nonthreshold response All mutations are harmful Exclusively naturally occurring mutations Dependent on fractionation and protraction Females less radiosensitive than males Most mutations are recessive Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

The End Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.