Chapter 9: AP World History Islam

Islam in Ten Minutes

Political Muhammad (570-632 CE) Caliphs – successors Umayyad Dynasty Hijra to Medina in 622 CE Return to Mecca in 630 CE Caliphs – successors Caliphates Abu Bakr Ali ‘Rightfully Guided’ Umayyad Dynasty 661-751 CE Damascus, Syria Southern Spain Abbasid Dynasty 750-1258 CE Baghdad, Mesopotamia Fatamids, Samanids, Buyids

Social Strongly Patriarchal Slavery Umma Five Pillars of Islam No public role, veiling Slavery ‘People of the Book’ Umma Mohammad’s community Five Pillars of Islam One God is Allah 5 Prayers facing Mecca Fasting Alms giving Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

Interaction with Geography Location Arabian interior; out of ‘sight’ Desert in the north S. Arabia as inhabitable; urban Contact via caravan trade Persia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, E. Europe, N. Africa, S. Spain

Cultural - 1 Islam arises from polytheism Christianity, Judaism & Zoroastrianism influence Ka’ba as pilgrimage site Judgment Day belief Islam – ‘surrender’ Muslim – ‘one who submits’ No forced conversion Spread via trade Major sects Sunni and Shi’a Ulama – religious scholars

Cultural - 2 Sharia – Islamic law Sunna – Mohammad’s example Hadith – stories of Muhammad’s life Umayyad Caliphate Southern Spain Berber, Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab Abbasid Caliphate ‘Golden Age’ in Baghdad Arabian Nights Greek & Roman translations Math and science

Economic N to S caravan routes in W. Arabia Trade between Byzantines and Sasanids Wealth from taxes of conquered territories Agriculture and trade Islam grew faster in urban trade areas Conquered paid ‘faith tax’