Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP energy There are two general types of respiration: aerobic –which occurs in the presence of oxygen C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP energy anaerobic -which does not use oxygen C6H12O 6 CO2+ [Ethanol] or [Lactate] + ATP Respiration converts the energy in glucose into a usable form known as ATP, adenosine triphosphate Fun Facts: The human body uses 1 million molecules of ATP per second. 1

Aerobic Respiration I. Food Breakdown into simpler units II. Glycolysis- glucose is broken down Glucose is broken down into pyruvate ATP & NADH produced (2 ATP) III. Kreb Cycle (2 ATP) Electron Transport Chain (up to 34 ATP) 2

Glycolysis The products are: 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules 2 ATP molecules 2 NADH molecules P-(6 C)-P 3 C 3 C 4

Glycolysis has 2 pathways… If Oxygen is present (Aerobic) ...“Krebs Cycle”… then to Electron Transport Chain If Oxygen is absent (Anaerobic) … “Fermentation” Lactic Acid Alcohol 5

FERMENTATION (Anaerobic Pathway) 2 TYPES: Alcoholic & Lactic Acid Alcoholic : Yeast & other microorganisms use this to produce alcohol & CO2 as wastes. Beer and wine are beverages made by alcoholic fermentation Ethanol kills yeast at a concentration of about 12 percent, thus naturally fermented wine contains about 12% ethanol. 6

FERMENTATION (Anaerobic Pathway) Lactic Acid: Exercise causes the body to need more oxygen for respiration to make more ATP Body resorts to lactic acid fermentation to make ATP Lactic Acid is also produced causing burning sensation in muscles 7

Lactic Acid CO is a gas produced when fuel like gasoline or wood is burned with not enough oxygen. It has a higher affinity for hemoglobin that oxygen. Alcohol 8

9

10

Let’s Practice 1) The end product of glycolysis is A) NADH B) acetyl-CoA C) lactate D) pyruvate 2) The final output of the Krebs cycle includes all of the following except A) NADP B) FADH2 C) ATP D) CO2 3) What role does O2 play in aerobic respiration? A) it plays no role B) it combines with acetyl-CoA at the start of the Krebs cycle C) it is given off as a by-product during the oxidation of pyruvate D) it combines with H2O to help drive the formation of ATP E) it is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain

4) During aerobic respiration, FADH2 is produced in A) glycolysis B) the oxidation of pyruvate C) the Krebs cycle D) the electron transport chain E) fermentation 5) Catabolic processes A) make complex molecules from simpler ones B) break complex molecules into simpler ones C) occur only in autotrophs D) occur only in heterotrophs E) none of the above 6) What best represents the chemical formula for respiration? A) 6 H2O+ 6 O2 --> C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 B) 6 H2O+ 6 CO2 --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C) C6H12O6+ 6 O2--> 6 H2O+ 6 CO2 D) C6H12O6+ 6 CO2--> 6 H2O + 6 O2

7) Which isn't an end product of glycolysis? A) 2 carbon dioxide molecules B) 2 ATP C) 2 water molecules D) 2 NADH 8) What is fermentation? A) A process where a sugar is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide B) A process where a sugar is broken down into yeast and carbon dioxide C) A process where a yeast is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide D) A process where a sugar is broken down into ethanol and oxygen E) A process where a sugar is broken down into ethanol and limewater