Figure Patient 1's ictal EEG and brain MRI and patient 2's ictal EEG and polygraphic recording(A) Patient 1's EEG showing an ictal discharge over right.

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57 year-old man with confusion Teaching NeuroImages Neurology Resident and Fellow Section © 2015 American Academy of Neurology.

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Neurology Resident and Fellow Section

Figure 1 Initial brain imaging (A–C) patient 1; (D–F) patient 2; (G–I) patient 3; (J–L) patient 4; and (M) patient 2. Initial brain imaging (A–C) patient.

Figure 3 Brain MRI findings in patients with MOG-Ab Extensive brain lesions with large diameter (A and B), posterior reversible encephalopathy–like lesions.

Figure 4 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder brain lesions

Figure 1 Brain MRI findings in the present case

Figure 4. Brain imaging and neuropathologic demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis in patient PT-10 Brain imaging and neuropathologic demonstration.

Figure MRI of anti-MOG-IgG–associated myelitis

Figure 2 Evolution of MRI abnormalities in faciobrachial dystonic seizures Axial fluid- attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-weighted images from patient.

Figure 2 Association of serum IgG reactivity with MRI measures of disease severity Association of serum IgG reactivity with MRI measures of disease severity.

Figure 1 Coronal MRI images showing the evolution of white matter abnormality and atrophy of patient 1 Coronal MRI images showing the evolution of white.

Cardiac asystole during a temporal lobe seizure

Figure Facial photograph during headache attack and brain and upper cervical cord MRI Facial photograph during headache attack and brain and upper cervical.

Figure Brain MRI of the patient throughout the disease course(A) Brain MRI at the time of cerebral toxoplasmosis diagnosis (a) and after 1 month of toxoplasmosis.

Figure 3 Example of venous narrowing

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging at the onset of the clinical investigation (A, B) and 2 months later (C, D). Fluid-attenuated.

Figure 3 Multifocal visual-evoked potentials in optic neuritis Figure shows the visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) in 52 sectors of the retina. Multifocal.

Figure 1 MRI head in faciobrachial dystonic seizures (A) Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image from patient 3 in table 2 shows T2-weighted hyperintensity.

Figure Radiographic and histopathologic findings (A) Brain MRI at presentation shows multiple areas of T2 hyperintensity in the mesial temporal lobes,

Figure 1. Prebiopsy and postbiopsy MRI

Figure 1. Brain MRI follow-up of Sjögren syndrome–associated type II mixed cryoglobulinemic cerebral vasculitis treated with rituximab Brain MRI follow-up.

Figure Brain MRI and biopsy specimens from the pontine lesion

Figure Longitudinal MRI study data demonstrating evolution of central pontine myelinolysis(A, B) Axial T2-weighted MRI of the brain from January 9, 2014,

Figure 1 MRI, pathology, and EEG findings(A) Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences of the brain showing right frontal and parietal.

Figure 1 Cerebral MRI during the disease course Cerebral MRI with multiple cerebral supratentorial lesions during the disease course: periventricular lesions.

Figure 1 Neuropathologic examination of brain areas with normal MRI appearance and with gadolinium enhancement (patient 1)‏ Neuropathologic examination.

Figure 2 Exemplary MRI of a patient with contrast enhancement on postcontrast FLAIR MRI of a 54-year-old patient with viral meningitis caused by varicella-zoster.

Figure 2 7T MRI can differentiate between early PML and MS lesions Two different patterns of brain lesions were observed using 7T MRI: ring-enhancing lesions.

Figure 3 EEG demonstrating ictal seizure discharges in a patient with faciobrachial dystonic seizures The EEG of a 56-year-old woman with faciobrachial.

Figure 2 DTI values between the hepatitis C group and controls(A) DTI FA values, (B) DTI diffusion values. *Statistically significant at FDR-adjusted p.

Figure 2 Example of venous narrowing

Figure 3. Brain imaging and neuropathologic studies in patient PT-5 diagnosed with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Brain imaging and neuropathologic.

Figure 1 Evolution of blood cell counts during 18-month treatment and follow-up (A) Mean white blood cell count, (B) mean lymphocyte count, (C) mean eosinophil.

Figure 2 Cerebral and spinal MRI (A) Restricted diffusion of both optic nerves (arrows) on diffusion-weighted and apparent diffusion coefficient imaging.

Figure Genetic deletion and MRI changes with EHMT1 deletion

Figure 1 Patients with acute anti–NMDA receptor encephalitis have marked hypometabolism of the visual cortical brain region correlating with the medial.

Figure 5 Pairwise correlations between selected patient-reported outcomes and performance tests in patients with MS (A) The number of pairwise correlations.

Figure 3 Longitudinal performance of 2 MS–cohabitant participant pairs on Ishihara color testing Both response speed and response accuracy are provided.

Figure Postcontrast axial and coronal brain MRI in a patient with CLIPPERS treated with hydroxychloroquineT1-weighted spin echo post IV gadolinium contrast.

Figure 1 Annual trend in specimen type submitted as first sample for aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G testing (serum only vs CSF only vs both) from 101,065.

Figure 1 Reibergram (CSF/serum quotient diagram) of all included patients Increasing albumin quotients reflect increasing blood-brain barrier dysfunction.

Figure 3 Correlation of lipid indexes to MRI measures of disease severity in multiple sclerosis Correlation of lipid indexes to MRI measures of disease.

Figure 5 Autopsy Mycoplasma DNA analysis

Figure 1 Clinical findings and CNS immunoreactivity of CSF IgA of a patient with limbic encephalitis (A) Cranial MRI of a 69-year-old man with limbic encephalitis.

Figure MRI brain 6 weeks post admission (A–C) Symmetrical high signal changes on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences predominantly affecting.

Figure 1 Association between serum levels of IL-18 and hippocampal volume in patients with schizophrenia Scatter plots show a positive correlation between.

Figure 1 Evolution of MRI findings during interleukin (IL)–7 therapy

Figure 1 Imaging of disease onset and treatment response Repeat MRI scans including fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (A) and T2 fast field echo.

Figure 3 Clinical and MRI outcomes by quartiles of increasing CD56bright natural killer (NK) cell countsAll data are mean and upper 95% confidence interval.

Figure Disease course and neuropathology of CASPR2 encephalitis(A) Summary of the most important changes during the disease course. Disease course and.

Figure 1 Radiologic features of patients with white matter syndromes in association with NMDA receptor antibodies Radiologic features of patients with.

Figure 4 Unspecific MRI findings and facial dysmorphy in patients with germline variants Unspecific MRI findings and facial dysmorphy in patients with.

Figure 1 MRI findings over time

Figure 2 Brain MRI at 1 year of age

Figure 2 Longitudinal relationship between CSF glucose and protein changes Longitudinal relationship between CSF glucose and protein changes Delta glucose.

Figure 1 Brain MRI Brain MRI (A) Axial fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images show perilesional edema in both cerebellar hemisphere and hypointense.

Figure Neurologic, gastrointestinal, and dermatologic findings

Figure 1 Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts during dose titrationB-lymphocyte (CD19+; A) and total lymphocyte (CD45+; B) counts (cells/µL) in peripheral.

Figure Spinal cord imaging (A, B) Sagittal and axial T2-weighted cervical spine MRI demonstrating hyperintensities in the central gray matter of patient.

Figure 1 Classical pathway and lectin pathway activity in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy and controls Classical pathway (CP) activity (A) and.

Yian Gu et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2019;6:e521

Ingo Kleiter et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2018;5:e504

Gitanjali Das et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2018;5:e453

Figure Serial brain MRI of the patient with encephalitis and spontaneous recovery accompanying IgLON5 autoimmunity Serial brain MRI of the patient with.

Figure 2 EEG changes in the patients with paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia with PRRT2 mutations EEG changes in the patients with paroxysmal hypnogenic.

Figure 4 Patient 3 MRI evolution over time

Figure 3 Patient 2 MRI evolution over time before relapse

Figure 2 Patient 1 MRI evolution over time

Figure 1 Axial FLAIR brain MRI obtained on admission to the ICU demonstrated (A1) old hyperintense subcortical lesions (arrowhead), new superimposed on.

Figure 1 MRIs MRIs (A and B) Axial FLAIR images of the brain demonstrate multifocal parenchymal lesions including the right hippocampus, right midbrain,

Presentation transcript:

Figure Patient 1's ictal EEG and brain MRI and patient 2's ictal EEG and polygraphic recording(A) Patient 1's EEG showing an ictal discharge over right temporal leads followed by diffuse polyspikes. Patient 1's ictal EEG and brain MRI and patient 2's ictal EEG and polygraphic recording(A) Patient 1's EEG showing an ictal discharge over right temporal leads followed by diffuse polyspikes. (B) Patient 1's fluid-attenuated inversion recovery brain MRI coronal section showing hyperintensity with mild swelling of right hippocampus, likely due to local edema induced by the status epilepticus. (C) Patient 2's ictal EEG showing rhythmic sharp theta activity over the right temporal derivations lasting approximately 24 seconds, associated with above-mentioned symptoms. (D) Patient 2's polygraphic recording showing spasms involving upper limb muscles (arrows), more prominent proximally: Spontaneous (a), provoked by eye-opening (b), and provoked by intermittent photic stimulation (c). Note absence of EEG correlates. Ext R and L = extensor carpi muscle right and left; Int R and L = interosseous muscle right and left. Luigi Zuliani et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2014;1:e16 © 2014 American Academy of Neurology