16.6 The Atlantic Slave Trade Mr. Marijanovich/Mr. Schabo World History Crestwood High School

Objectives Identify the causes of African slavery Trace the spread of slavery throughout the Americas Explain the triangular trade Describe life of enslaved Africans in the colonies Identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade

The Atlantic Slave Trade, 1500-1800 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Atlantic Slave Trade To meet their growing labor needs, Europeans enslaved millions of Africans in the Americas. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The Causes of African Slavery Slavery in Africa Slavery has existed in Africa for centuries, but been minor practice Spread of Islam produces more slavery in Africa In African, Muslim lands, slaves have some rights The Demand for Africans Need for workers in Americas raises demand for enslaved Africans Africans withstand diseases, have farming skills, unlikely to escape Atlantic slave trade—forced movement of many Africans to Americas Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The Causes of African Slavery (cont.) Spain and Portugal Lead the Way By 1650, about 300,000 enslaved Africans in Spanish colonies Portugal brings many more slaves to sugar plantations in Brazil Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

The Causes of African Slavery (cont.) Systems of Labor Encomienda laborers not property; slaver considered property encomienda laborers relocated; slaves forcefully taken from homeland encomienda laborers somewhat protected by crown; slaves were not Indentured servitude vs. slavery Indentured servitude—system of labor by which a person would work to pay off the cost of coming to America servitude lasted a set amount of years; slavery was for life Wage labor vs. slavery wager laborers paid, volunteered labor; slaves unpaid, forced into labor Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Slavery Spreads Throughout the Americas England Dominates the Slave Trade From 1690 to 1807, England dominates slave trade About 400,000 enslaved Africans brought to North American colonies African Cooperation and Resistance Many African rulers capture people to be sold into slavery Later, some rulers protest the trade Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

African Slave Export per Year ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Review Break! Thumbs up if the answer is true, thumbs down if the answer is false:  Slavery has existed in Africa for centuries, and was always a major practice FALSE!!! (It had been only a minor practice) Servitude lasted a set amount of years where slavery was for life. TRUE, bro  From 1690 to 1807, Spain and Portugal dominated slave trade FALSE!!! (England, though Spain and Portugal had a high number as well)

A Forced Journey The Triangular Trade One trade route: Triangular trade —trade network linking Europe, Africa, Americas One trade route: manufactured goods move from Europe to Africa people move from Africa to Americas sugar, coffee, tobacco (cash crops) move from Americas to Europe The Middle Passage Africans to Americas known as the Middle Passage As many as 20 percent of Africans die on these journeys Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Triangle Trade, bro

Slavery in the Americas A Harsh Life In Americas, captured Africans sold at auction to highest bidder Life is difficult: long work hours; poor food, housing, clothing Resistance and Rebellion Africans maintain musical, cultural traditions Some resist by breaking tools or working slowly Some run away or take part in revolts Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Slaves at Work in a Mine ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Consequences of the Slave Trade African societies suffer from loss of so many people African families disrupted In Americas, labor of enslaved people helps build new societies Enslaved Africans affect culture in Americas Population in Americas changes Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

African-American Culture Diversity of African cultures concentrated in slave population Blend of cultures African languages when numbers permit, otherwise European language adapted with African influences Creole languages Christianity adapted to incorporate African traditions ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.