Macromolecules

Protein - Food Test

Simple Sugar - Food Test

Starch - Food Test

Lipid - Food Test

Insulin Insulin is a hormone that is central to regulating energy and glucose metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle.

Hemoglobin Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport oxygen in the red blood cells of vertebrates and the tissues of some invertebrates.

Cellulose Cellulose is the structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae. Cellulose is the most common organic compound on Earth. About 33% of all plant matter is cellulose (the cellulose content of cotton is 90% and that of wood is 40–50%

Glycogen General Characteristics polysaccharide, (C-6, H-10, O-5) stored primarily in the liver and muscle tissue readily converted to glucose as needed by the body to satisfy its energy needs supplies energy during heavy work. stored with water (1 gram of carbohydrates stored with 3 grams of water) central nervous system (CNS) is dependent on hepatic glycogen for energy

Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D Deficiency

Enzymes  are biological protein-containing catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions without being involved in the reaction itself. They help complex reactions occur everywhere in our life. Whenever a substances is needed to be transformed into another, nature uses enzymes to simply speed up the process.

Enzyme Substrate Reaction

Lock & Key Mechanism

Lock & Key Mechanism The active site on the enzyme attaches to a substrate molecule (such as a disaccharide) forming an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme is unaltered during the reaction and is free to catalyze the breakdown of another substrate molecule. 

7 ACID BASE pH: 1-6 Gives- H+ burns Ex: lemon juice, stomach acid Gives- OH- Soapy, cleaning Ex: cleaners, ammonia 7 Maintains constant pH Ex. Blood buffer Neutral H2O pH scale Buffer

Acids Acids are solutions that contain a higher concentration of H+ ions pH valve range from 1– 3 Sour taste Form H+ ions Caused burns & corrosive Example: Stomach acid – Hydrochloric acid 2/16/2019 Chapter 2- Biology

Bases Base are Alkaline solutions pH range from 11-14 Bitter taste Slippery to touch Causes burns & corrosive Produces the hydroxide ions (OH+) Example: Lye & drain cleaner 2/16/2019 Chapter 2- Biology

Buffers Buffers are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp & sudden changes in pH. 2/16/2019 Chapter 2- Biology

pH scale The pH scale is a measurement system that indicates the concentration of H+ ions in solutions. Acidic Neutral Basic Stomach acid Acid ran Water Soap Bleach 2/16/2019 Chapter 2- Biology

2/16/2019 Chapter 2- Biology