Excitatory amino acid glutamate: role in peripheral nociceptive transduction and inflammation in experimental and clinical osteoarthritis Z.-H. Wen, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Jean Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 23, Issue 11, Pages 2009-2016 (November 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.017 Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Working model of the expression and function of glutamatergic signaling mechanisms in the knee joint. Glutamate receptors are essential for signal input, glutamate transporters are essential for signal termination, and VGLUTs are essential for signal output through the condensation of glutamate into vesicular constituents for subsequent exocytotic release. Glutamate is converted into glutamine by the enzyme glutamine synthase. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2015 23, 2009-2016DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.017) Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions