Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance
Root Words De Separation Dehydration Extra Outside Extracellular Im Not Imbalance Intra Within Intracellular Neutr Neither one neutral
Body Fluids Your body is 66% water Not evenly distributed – separated into compartments Able to move back and forth through the cell membranes to maintain an equilibrium
Water Balance Exists when total water intake equals total water output
Fluid Compartments Intracellular fluid – fluid inside cells [ICF] Extracellular fluid – fluid outside cells and all other body fluids Interstitial fluid- Solution that surrounds cells of eukaryotes
Edema Condition in which fluid accumulates in the interstitial compartment. Sometimes due to blockage of lymphatic vessels or by a lack of plasma proteins or sodium retention
Fluid Balance Average daily intake is 2500 ml [ fluids, food and metabolic water] Average daily output is 2500 ml [ urine, feces, perspiration, talking]
Electrolytes Molecules that release ions in water. Can affect amount of water, pH balance, and muscle function
Common Electrolytes Calcium. Chloride. Magnesium. Phosphorus. Potassium. Sodium.
Electrolyte Balance Concentration of individual electrolytes in the body fluid compartments is normal and remains relatively constant. Electrolytes are dissolved in body fluids
Electrolyte Balance Because of sodium and potassium influence, water will move between compartments Example: if high [sodium], then water will move from intracellular space to extracellular space due to osmotic pressure
Acid - Base Balance Blood - normal pH of 7.2 – 7.45 3 buffer systems to maintain normal blood pH Copy Table 18.1 on page 500
Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance Blood pH levels change depending on dissolved solutions Increased levels of CO2 will make blood more acidic.
Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance Blood pH levels change depending on dissolved solutions Increased levels of CO2 will make blood more acidic. Respiratory System: removal of CO2 by lungs – stabilizes the ECF Urinary System: removal of H+ ions by kidneys