Cell Energy PAP Biology 2018

METABOLISM Total set of an organism’s chemical processes (energy) Thousands of metabolic reactions are occurring all at once Balancing act between the build-up and breakdown of molecules in an organism Revolves around ATP (energy) Catabolism & Anabolism

ATP Provides energy for cell processes Released by catabolic processes Required by anabolic processes ATP

Catabolism Breakdown of complex molecules HETEROTROPHS Polymers  Monomers Releases Energy HETEROTROPHS obtains energy by consuming and digesting nutrition from environment EX: Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration: process by which organisms break down glucose into ATP (energy) OCCURS IN MITOCHONDRIA AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Requires oxygen Occurs in cytoplasm & mitochondria Produces more energy (36 ATP molecules) Doesn’t require oxygen Only occurs in cytoplasm Produces less energy (2 ATP molecules) FORMULA: O2+C6H12O6→H2O+CO2 Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Glucose Water

Common Misconceptions Anaerobic respiration is a common part of cellular respiration Plants and animals undergo cellular respiration Cellular respiration is much more than ”breathing”

Anabolism Build-up of simple molecules AUTOTROPHS Monomers  Polymers Requires Energy AUTOTROPHS uses energy from environment to fuel the assembly of complex organic compounds EX: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars OCCURS IN CHLOROPLASTS Glucose molecules (sugars) constructed from water and carbon dioxide Provides energy and carbon Water is released as a waste product Occurs in the leaves of plants FORMULA: H2O+CO2 → O2+C6H12O6 Water Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Glucose

COMPARISONS THEY’RE EXACTLY OPPOSITE! CELLULAR RESPIRATION VS. PHOTOSYNTHESIS THEY’RE EXACTLY OPPOSITE!

Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Foldable Stack 2 sheets of paper on top of each other, off-set about 1 inch (on the short side). Fold these papers in half. Cut down the middle of the top three flaps. Label and complete the foldable as shown below. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Chloroplast Drawing Mitochondria Drawing Draw a picture and label inside above each flap Location Location Reactants Reactants Products Products