8.2 Measuring Earthquakes

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Presentation transcript:

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes Earthquake Waves 8.2 Measuring Earthquakes  Seismographs are instruments that record earthquake waves.  Seismograms are paper records of recorded ground motion made by seismographs.

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes http://www.jclahr.com/science/earth_science/tabletop/pslnkmv.html#  3 kinds of waves • P waves - Are push-pull waves that push (compress) and pull (expand) in the direction that the waves travel - Travel through solids, liquids, and gases - Have the greatest velocity of all earthquake waves “P waves move through the entire earth- crust, mantle, and core) like a slinky”

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes Earthquake Waves 8.2 Measuring Earthquakes • S waves Shake particles at right angles to the direction that they travel Travel only through solids Slower velocity than P waves, but more destructive “S waves move through the ground like a rope”

Seismic Waves Paths Through the Earth

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes 3 Types of Waves Surface waves – travel along Earth’s outer layer 8.2 Measuring Earthquakes

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes Locating an Earthquake How far is your location from the epicenter? 8.2 Measuring Earthquakes • Distance is found by the difference in the arrival times between P and S waves.

Locating an Earthquake 3 seismographs are required to correctly locate the epicenter of an earthquake Epicenter is located where three circles intersect

8.2 Measuring Earthquakes Intensity – based on amount of damage Richter scale – based on amplitude of largest seismic wave (outdated)  Momentum Magnitude • Measures very large earthquakes • Moment magnitude is the most widely used measurement for earthquakes Estimates the energy released by earthquakes.

Earthquake Magnitudes

Some Notable Earthquakes