Fascism in Italy Chapter 13 Section 3

Mussolini’s Rise 1915 – Italy joins allies when France and Britain promise them land from Austria-Hungary After war, some lands given, others become part of new Yugoslavia Italians outraged

Mussolini’s Rise Veterans face unemployment Trade declines, taxes rise Government split into feuding factions After Bolshevik Revolution, some peasants seize land, workers strike, and others seize factories

Mussolini’s Rise Son of socialist blacksmith and a teacher During war rejects socialism for intense nationalism

Mussolini’s Rise 1919 – organizes veterans and others into Fascist party Promised to end corruption, turmoil Restore order and revive Roman glory 435

Mussolini’s Rise Black Shirts Organizes supporters into “combat squads” Wear black to emulate earlier nationalist revolt Reject democratic process in favor of violent action Break up socialist rallies Smash leftist presses Attack farmer’s cooperatives Use intimidation and terror to oust elected officials in northern Italy

Mussolini’s Rise 1922 – Fascists make bid for power Rally in Naples announces March on Rome Tens of thousands swarm toward capital Victor Emmanuel III made a deal Appointed Mussolini Prime Minister

Mussolini’s Rule By 1925 had assumed more power and taken title Il Duce (“The Leader”) Suppressed rival parties Censored press Rigged elections Replaced elected officials with Fascist supporters Secret police silenced critics Propaganda bolstered regime Received Papal support after signing Lateran Treaty (recognizing independence of Vatican City)

Mussolini’s Rule Brought economy under state control Preserved capitalism forming corporate state Representatives from business, labor, government, and Fascist party control industry, agriculture, and trade Favored upper-class and industrial leaders Production increased Workers forbidden to strike, wages kept low

Mussolini’s Rule Individual unimportant, state is what matters Militarism—men urged to be warriors Women who had more than 14 children given medal by Il Duce himself Fascist youth groups indoctrinated young 436

Totalitarianism Single party dictatorship with blind obedience to single ruler State control of economy Use of police spies and terror to enforce will of the state Control of media to indoctrinate and mobilize citizens through propaganda Use of schools and youth organizations to indoctrinate children Censorship of artists and intellectuals with dissenting opinions

Fascism Extreme nationalism Glorifies state over individual Destructive to basic human rights Glorified action, violence, discipline, loyalty to state Aggressive foreign expansion Social Darwinism Reject faith in reason, democracy, equality, liberty Democracy leads to corruption and weakness 438

Anti-word Search Nouns Fascism Mussolini Nationalism Social Darwinism Verbs Indoctrinate Censor Glorify Control

Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUcYU95kCAI&list=PLn8ehwkhZzeuxrz4VvjwFaWKuV37fw-Yn&t=0s&index=54