WRITING: Describe what you believe life was like in the 1600’s in America based on the picture & your notes (Standard 1). Must have a 6 sentence minimum.

SSUSH2: Describe the early English Colonial society and investigate the development of its governance.

Standard – SSUSH 2  Describe European cultural diversity including the contributions of different ethnic groups. Describe the Middle Passage, the growth of the African population and their contributions, including but not limited to architecture, agriculture, and foodways. Describe different methods of colonial self-governance in the period of Salutary Neglect. Explain the role of the Great Awakening in creating unity in the colonies and challenging traditional authority.

European Cultural Diversity French: Quebec, Canada Spanish: Florida, New Mexico Dutch: New Netherland (New York) Puritans: New England colonies Mid-Atlantic colonies: Dutch, Swedes, Finns, French, Protestants, Germans, Norwegians, Scots, & English Mid-Atlantic religions: Quakers, Baptists, Anglicans, Presbyterians, Lutherans, Dutch Reformed, & Jews Africans: Virginia & Southern colonies predominately; Mid-Atlantic & New England had minorities

Growth of the African Population As tobacco farmers and other cash-crop farmers prospered, they greatly expanded the size of their farms. There were never enough workers available to plant, grow, & harvest the crops, so farmers turned to African slaves to do this work. Many white colonists believed every black person was a savage who needed to be taken care of by white people.

Growth of the African Population When the Virginia Company founded Jamestown in 1607, there were no African slaves in British North America. By 1700, however, there were thousands of African slaves throughout the British colonies. The vast majority of these slaves were located in the southern colonies, where they supplied the labor required to support the region’s agriculturally based economy.

The Middle Passage The sea voyage that carried Africans to North America was called the Middle Passage because it was the middle portion of a three-way voyage made by the slave ships. First, British ships loaded with rum, cloth, and other English goods sailed to Africa, where they were traded for Africans originally enslaved by other Africans. Then, in the Middle Passage, the slaves would be transported to the New World.

The Middle Passage The crew would buy tobacco and other American goods using profits they made from selling the slaves in the colonies, & they would ship the tobacco and goods back to Britain. This process was repeated for decades. It was said that people in the colonial port cities could smell the slave ships arriving before they could see them. The slaves were packed like bundles of firewood. About two of every ten slaves died during the passage.

African American Culture In America, slaves attempted to “make the best” of their lives while living under the worst of circumstances. Slave communities were rich with music, dance, basket weaving, & pottery making. Enslaved Africans brought with them the arts & crafts skills of their various tribes (created banjos, rattles, & drums). Indeed, there could be a hundred slaves working on one farm & each slave might come from a different tribe & a different part of Africa.

Government in the New World Salutary neglect: England allowed self-rule in the colonies, but the Crown expected colonial cooperation with its economic policies and assistance in the empire’s wars against France and Spain

Government in the New World Plymouth, Massachusetts: Mayflower Compact-framework of self-government signed on the ship of the Mayflower where the Puritans agreed to obey its laws Virginia: House of Burgesses (first representative body in the New World) allowed male landowners over 17 to vote for 2 Burgesses to represent their settlement; could make laws & raise taxes In most places, the Crown or lords appointed the governor of a colony

New England: Settlers established a republic, where Puritan men elected a governor, deputy governor, and assembly Town meetings were created to allow citizens to attend and vote on laws All registered voters of a town were allowed to vote on issues pertaining to their town

New England In 1686, the British king canceled the Massachusetts charter that made it an independent colony. To get more control over trade with the colonies, he combined British colonies throughout New England into a single territory governed from England called the Dominion of New England. The colonists in this territory greatly disliked this centralized authority. In 1691, Massachusetts Bay became a royal colony.

The Great Awakening Religious revival during the 1730s & 1740s. Ministers said people would feel God’s love only if they admitted their sins. People were told that each believer should seek his or her own personal & emotional relationship with God (covenant), & that doing this was more important than the Puritan idea of congregations gathering together to hear intellectual sermons. These ministers attracted enormous audiences & often traveled from colony to colony to preach to anyone who wanted to listen, regardless of what church he or she might belong to.

The Great Awakening Christianity grew, although established churches lost members to the new way of Christian worship. Some preachers said American society had become as corrupt as the English society. As a result, some people started saying that the colonies needed to cut its ties with Britain to keep its religion pure. Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield were two of the most famous preachers of the Great Awakening.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3REg6ZWLjZA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vUYUyZFINE