World War I AP US History

Allies v. Central Powers

Wilson Document One Context: When is Wilson giving this speech? Audience: Who is he speaking to? Purpose:

WWI: 1914 to 1917 Ethnic Ties Propaganda Trade British Blockade and Sub Warfare Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex Election of 1916 Zimmerman Note Unrestricted Sub Warfare

Wilson Document Two Context: When is Wilson giving this speech? Audience: Who is he speaking to? Purpose:

Declaration of War – April 1917

Secondary Source Reading 1. Why does Zinn disagree with Wilson’s argument? 2. What does Zinn argue are the real reasons for the US entering World War I? What evidence does he present? Should the US have joined World War I based on what you have learned?

Practice Question Why did the United States enter World War I? Evaluate the reasons why the United States entered World War I Evaluate the extent to which economic policy caused the United States to enter World War I.

Practice Question Evaluate the extent to which economic policy caused the United States to enter World War I. Context: Era Specific Transition: Thesis:

Wilson’s Fourteen Points I. No secret treaties II. Freedom of the seas III. Free trade IV. Armament reductions V. Readjustment of colonial claims VI – XIII. Self Determination of Nations XIV. League of Nations

Expansion of Government Authority Finance (taxes & bonds) War Boards (industries, food, labor, fuel) Committee on Public Information - government organization created to “sell” Americans on the war Espionage Act (1917) – any actions that interfere with foreign relations are illegal Context, Purpose Sedition Act (1918) – prohibited disloyal speech and actions How did the power of the federal government change during World War I?

Schenck v. US (1919) Schenck Speech: Context Audience Purpose 2000 people are jailed including labor leader Eugene V. Debs.

Schenck v. US (1919) Background: Legal Question(s): Legal Decision: Schenck was convicted for violating the Espionage Act of 1917. He was guilty of handing out anti-draft literature. Legal Question(s): Were Schenck’s 1st Amendment freedom of speech rights violated? Legal Decision: No (9-0) Impact: In times of “clear and present danger” there may be limits to freedom of speech.

Practice Question Evaluate the ways in which World War I affected American society. Thesis: Synthesis: Theme Example

Treaty of Versailles Arranged by Wilson who wanted to end war based on Fourteen Points and European leaders George (UK), Clemenceau (France) & Orlando (Italy) who were most interested in punishing Germany Creates League of Nations (international peacekeeping organization) Article X of League requires all nations to come to aid of any country that is attacked Punishes and weakens Germany (loses army, colonies, & territory; forced to take blame for war; forced to pay for war through reparations)

Opposition to League Read Lodge’s Speech: Context Reasons for opposition to Treaty

Analyze Cartoon H A P

Wilsonian Idealism Read Wilson’s Speech: Context Reasons for support for Treaty

Treaty Votes Wilson toured the nation arguing for the Treaty and League until he had a stroke on 10/2/19; he (or his wife?) directed Senate Democrats to not accept reservations Votes First (11/19/19): voted on w/ reservations, Wilson demands supporters to vote no on Treaty w/ reservations; defeated 55 against to 39 for Second (11/19/19): voted on w/no reservations; defeated 53 against to 34 for Third (3/19/20): voted on w/ reservations; defeated 49 for to 25 against Election of 1920 – “return to normalcy”

Argumentation Evaluate the extent to which President Wilson was responsible for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles. Write a body paragraph with a good topic sentence, evidence, and analysis. (TEA)

US Exports to Warring Nations 1914 to 1916 Economic Interests US Exports to Warring Nations 1914 to 1916 NATION 1914 1915 1916 G. Britain $594,271,863 $911,794,954 $1,526,685,102 France $159,818,924 $369,397,170 $628,851,988 Germany $344, 794,276 $28,863,354 $288,899 Thomas Bailey, The American Pageant

Lusitania

Election of 1916

Zimmerman Note Germany proposed an alliance with Mexico against the United States. Offered to help Mexico regain the territories lost to United States The telegram was intercepted by the British and published in US newspapers

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Germany announced that as of January 31, 1917, they would start submarine warfare against any ships headed to Allied ports including American ships. Over 2000 Allied and neutral ships were sunk in 1917.