Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering The direct manipulation of DNA to altar and organism’s characteristics (phenotype) in a particular way Examples-plants to improve crops-growth rates of potatoes, tomatoes & rice Animals-therapeutic protein in their milk that can treat cystic fibrosis Worms-glow in dark to study Alzheimer’s

Transgenic Organisms Organism that have altered genomes (or DNA)

Clone An organism or group of cells, produced asexually where they are genetically identical

South Korean cloning and stem cell researcher Hwang Woo Suk (left) and Gerald Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine with Snuppy, the first successfully cloned dog, Aug. 3, 2005

Process of cloning Only one egg cell needed Pull DNA from animal cell & put into egg cell Egg cell from other animal is used-remove nucleus (with DNA) DNA is placed in nucleus free cell

Restriction Enzyme An enzyme produced by bacteria Is able to cut DNA molecules near specific sequences of bases https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hgbcdQPISI Restriction Endonucleases

Restriction Enzyme

Gel Electrophoresis Lab method used to separate DNA, RNA or proteins Molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through gel DNA = negative charge so it moves towards positive end of gel

Gene Therapy Introduces genetic material into cells to make up for abnormal genes. Viruses are used to add genes to cells- they can deliver the new gene by infecting the cell.

Recombinant DNA Joins DNA molecules together from two different species Inserted into host organism to produce new genetic combinations

Recombinant DNA