Ancient Egypt Module 2.3

Nile River

Annual Flooding

The Fertile Nile Valley

Narmer unifies Lower and Upper

Kingdoms of Egypt The Old Kingdom 2660 BC-2180 BC Narmer unifying Upper and Lower Egypt Pyramids (the great age) Pharaohs lost power and control

Old Kingdom (Orange)

Kingdoms of Egypt The Middle Kingdom 2040 BC-1640 BC Built canal from Nile to Red Sea Built dykes for irrigation Created thousands of acres of farmland Ended when he Hyksos (Palestine) took control of Egypt Hebrews migrated to Egypt during the Hyksos reign

Kingdoms of Egypt The New Kingdom 1550 BC-1070 BC Egyptian conquests into Syria and Palestine Conflict with Hittites Temples and Statues Valley of the Kings and Queens Decline was due to years of invasions…possibly the Philistines

New Kingdom

Old Kingdom vs. New Kingdom

Farming and Fishing

Papyrus--Paper Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant

Hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”

Egyptian Math 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 What number is this?

Egyptian Calendar

Mummification

Egyptian Mummies Ramses II Seti I Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II

Journey to the Underworld

Egyptian Book of the Dead

Re-Sun God

Osiris- God of Life and Death

Steppe Pyramid in Saqqara

“Bent Pyramid” of King Sneferu

Giza Pyramid Complex

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

Great Sphinx of Giza

Valley of the Kings

Valley of the Queens

Hatshepsut

Thutmose III

Akhenaton 1352 BC-1336 BC

Armana

Nefertiti

King Tutankhamen

Howard Carter, 1922

Entrance to King Tut’s Tomb

King Tut

King Tut’s Tomb

Treasures in King Tut’s Tomb

Ramses II

Great Temple at Abu Simbel

Nubia

Nubia (3100 BCE – 350 CE) and Egypt Old Kingdom (2660 – 2180 BCE) Trade Middle Kingdom (2040 – 1640 BCE) Sought control of gold mines in desert east of Nile Sought direct access to luxury goods, Cutting out the Nubian traders (middle men, decreasing cost) Built forts south of second cataract protect Kingdom and to control trade Rise of Kush . . . . No connection with Egypt New Kingdom (1532 – 1070 BCE) Destroyed Kush Egyptian official ruled Nubia “ Overseer of Southern Lands” Egypt exploited gold mines / many Nubian deaths Imposed Egyptian culture Coerced submission by holding family member captive Served as Archers in Egyptian military Modeled Egyptian Architecture Adopted Gods – evidence of Amon

Nubia and Egypt – 700BCE New Kingdom falls in 1080 Powerful new Native Kingdom emerges in Southern Nubia 800 – 400 BCE headquarters located in Napata, an old Egyptian headquarters From 400 BCE to 400 CE – the center of the Kindgom was located are MEROE From 712 BCE to 660 BCE Nubian Kings ruled all of Egypt – ruled like Egyptian rulers (took control of Egypt from Libyan invaders) Kept Nubian names Physical features depicted as sub-saharan peoples Egyptian renaissance Rule from the city of Memphis – the Old Kingdom Capitol Driven back south to Nubia by Assyrian Empire in retaliation to their efforts to aid local ruler in Palestine who were struggling against the Assyrian Empire

Egyptian Influence in Nubia Religion Architecture Language - Heiroglyphics Royal rituals

Nubia

Hittites: Iron and Chariots

Phoenicians Chapter 2 Section 3

Present-day Lebanon

Shipbuilders

Alphabet Symbols represent a sound Aleph and Beth- first two letters

Assyrians

Assyrians

Sennacherib (705 BC-681 BC)

Ashurbanipal (668 BC-627 BC)