Fermentation

Step 1: Glycolysis Where? In cytoplasm of cell (anaerobic) Mitochondrion Glucose C6H12O6 C C ATP ATP C C En-zyme C C Where? In cytoplasm of cell (anaerobic) What happens? A) Glucose (from our food) is broken down into 2 pyruvate B) 2 ATP molecules released for cellular processes

What’s after Glycolysis? Leads to either: Cellular Respiration With O2 present Kreb’s Cycle Electron transport chain Anaerobic Respiration Without O2 Fermentation Allows glycolysis to restart/continue glycolysis ATP ATP fermentation No O2 O2 ATP

Step 2: Fermentation During prolonged exercise, the oxygen you inhale mainly goes to your brain. Your muscles are now lacking oxygen. Yeast perform alcoholic fermentation to make bread. Why isn’t bread alcoholic? How to relieve sore muscles: Massage Bananas Stretch after Hydrate Alcohol evaporates in the baking process Muscle cells perform fermentation to keep you going! Two Types of Fermentation (both anaerobic): A) Lactic Acid fermentation Performed by animals when muscle cells are not receiving O2 Lactic acid created B) Alcoholic fermentation Performed by yeast, some plants, bacteria Alcohol and CO2 created

Lactic Acid vs. Alcoholic Fermentation glycolysis glycolysis Lactic acid Alcohol + CO2 Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Lactic Acid Alcoholic Location: Cytoplasm Amount of ATP created: Zero The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis Product: Lactic acid Location: Cytoplasm Amount of ATP created: Zero The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis Product: Alcohol and CO2

(aerobic respiration) (anaerobic respiration) Cellular Respiration (aerobic respiration) Where? In the mitochondria Steps? Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain What happens? Pyruvate converted into 34 ATPs With oxygen present Glycolysis (anaerobic) Where? In the cell’s cytoplasm What happens? Glucose is split into 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP created If oxygen is lacking Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) Where? In the cytoplasm What happens? Pyruvate is broken into either lactic acid or alcohol Molecules to restart glycolysis created (No ATP) Glycolysis restarts

Review Name the two types of fermentation. How much ATP does glycolysis create? How much ATP does fermentation create? Which molecule is broken down during glycolysis? A buildup of which molecule causes sore muscles? Which molecules are created by alcoholic fermentation? Which molecules are created by lactic acid fermentation? Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? What does this mean? Why is aerobic (cellular) respiration preferred vs. fermentation?

Review Answers Name the two types of fermentation. Lactic Acid and Alcoholic How much ATP does glycolysis create? 2 ATP How much ATP does fermentation create? ZERO ATP Which molecule is broken down during glycolysis? Glucose A buildup of which molecule causes sore muscles? Lactic Acid Which molecules are created by alcoholic fermentation? Alcohol and CO2 Which molecules are created by lactic acid fermentation? Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? What does this mean? Anaerobic, which means the process does NOT require oxygen Why is aerobic (cellular) respiration preferred vs. fermentation? Aerobic (cellular) respiration creates more ATP; specifically 36 ATP, while fermentation does not create any ATP, but allows glycolysis to continue.