Motherboard External Hard disk USB 1 DVD Drive RAM CPU (Main Memory)

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Presentation transcript:

Motherboard External Hard disk USB 1 DVD Drive RAM CPU (Main Memory) CPU speed or clock speed is measured in Hz (cycles per second) A mid range laptop my have clock speed of 3GHz (3 billion cycles per second/300 million instructions per second) Very fast access time, almost as fast as the CPU Measured in Mb (2- 3Mb in a typical laptop) ££££ Can read ahead to store other instructions that are likely to be used next Stores programs (instructions) and data when NOT in use (non volatile) Relatively slow access time Measured in Tb £ Stores programs (instructions) and data when in use (volatile) Fast access time but not as fast as the CPU can process instructions Measured in Gb (Typical laptop may have 4-6Gb of RAM) £££ External Hard disk USB 1 Motherboard ALU CPU CU DVD Drive Cache memory RAM (Main Memory) Hard disk ROM Data is moved around on ‘buses’ (measured in MHz)

Multi Core Processor – Principles are the same but the number of processors are increased Motherboard ALU CPU CU Cache memory ALU CPU CU Cache memory RAM (Main Memory) Hard disk ROM

Factors affecting CPU speed Clock speed Cache size Bus Speed Number of processor cores Word size – (The number of bits the CPU can process in one go – typically 32 or 64 bits)

Motherboard External Hard disk USB 1 DVD Drive RAM CPU (Main Memory) Very fast access time, almost as fast as the CPU Measured in Mb (2- 3Mb in a typical laptop) ££££ Can read ahead to store other instructions that are likely to be used next Static RAM 4/5 transistors per bit. Do not need to be refreshed. Fast yet expensive Secondary Storage Stores programs (instructions) and data when NOT in use (non volatile) Relatively slow access time compared to RAM Measured in Tb £ Stores programs (instructions) and data when in use (volatile) Fast access time but not as fast as the CPU can process instructions Measured in Gb (Typical laptop may have 4-6Gb of RAM) £££ Dynamic RAM One transistor and one capacitor per bit. Needs constantly ‘refreshed’ Flash Memory – A type of ROM that is ‘writeable’. Involves using a large ‘flash’ of electrical current to trap electrons. Slow compared to RAM but fast compared to magnetic/optical technologies. External Hard disk USB 1 Motherboard ALU CPU CU DVD Drive Cache memory RAM (Main Memory) Hard disk Virtual Memory – Used when RAM is full ROM Data is moved around on ‘buses’ (measured in MHz) ROM – Read Only Memory. Similar to RAM but cannot be written to and is Non Volatile. Used to store ‘boot’ sequence. PROM/EPROM/EEPROM