Charles Warren and Ben Kangas

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Presentation transcript:

Charles Warren and Ben Kangas Basics of Networking Charles Warren and Ben Kangas

OSI Model

Switching Layer: Two Devices: Switch PDU: Frames Protocols: ARP Uses mac addresses to identify hosts. Creates mac address tables to distribute frames to designated hosts. Mac address are used throughout LANs and are used by both routers and switches.

Routing Layer: Three Devices: Routers and L3 Switches. PDU: Packets Protocols: IP(IPv4, IPv6) IPsec Uses IP addresses to identify hosts. Uses Routing Tables to send information across network segments.

What is an IP Address? An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. IPv4 Four octets 192.168.0.1 32 bits 11000000.10101000.00000000.00000001 IPv6 Eight hextets 0:0:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:1 128 bits 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 1111111111111111 1100000010101000 0000000000000001

Dissecting an IP Address Network Address | Host Address /CIDR Subnet mask 192.168.0.17 /16 255.255.0.0 11000000.10101000.00000000.00010001 172.24.168.12 /12 255.240.0.0 10100000.00011000.10101000.00001100

Public IP Addressing Usable Adresses: Address Space: A.x.x.x Class A: Address Space: A.x.x.x CIDR Notation: /8 Example: 10.x.x.x Class B: Address Space: A.B.x.x CIDR Notation: /16 Example: 172.168.x.x Class C: Address Space: A.B.C.x CIDR Notation: /24 Example:192.168.0.x Usable Adresses: Class A: 16,777,214 Class B: 65,534 Class C: 254

Public IP Use Case MTU owns the following public address: 141.219.0.0 – 141.219.255.255 204.38.5 – 204.38.5.255 35.63.66.0 – 35.63.66.0 Maximum 66,298 usable addresses. American Registry for Internet Numbers

Private IP Addressing Class A: Class B: Class C: Address Space: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 CIDR Notation: /8 Use Cases: Large corporations and institutions Class B: Address Space: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 CIDR Notation: /12 Use Cases: Small and Medium Businesses Class C: Address Space: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 CIDR Notation: /16 Use Cases: Small Offices and Home Offices

NAT – Network Address Translation PAT – Port Address Translation Translating private IP addresses to public. 192.168.1.1 141.219.5.23 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3