Promotion of a Safety Culture EU-ILO Project «Enhancing the labour administration capacity to improve working conditions and tackle undeclared work» Promotion of a Safety Culture The Role of Labour Inspection 'Five levels of maturity of enterprise safety culture. Ukrainian way‘ Lviv, Ukraine| 2nd - 4th October 2018 Антоніу Сантуш / António Santos Менеджер проекту / Project manager

Content Safety culture Labour inspection mandate Labour inspection role on safety culture Final remarks

Safety culture REFERENCES DEFINITIONS Cox & Cox (1991) Reflect the attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and values that employees share in relation to safety. International Safety Advisory Group (1991) Assembly of characteristics and attitudes in organizations and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority, nuclear plant safety issues receive the attention warranted by their significance. Pidgeon (1991) Set of beliefs, norms, attitudes, roles, and social and technical practices that are concerned with minimizing the exposure of employees, managers, customers and members of the public to conditions considered dangerous or injurious. Ostrom et al. (1993) Organization's beliefs and attitudes, manifested in actions, policies, and procedures, affect its safety performance. ACSNI (1993) Product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organization’s health and safety programs. Berends (1996) Collective mental programming towards safety of a group of organization members. Guldenmund (2000) Organizational culture aspects that will impact on attitudes and behavior related to increasing or decreasing risk. Hale (2000) The attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions shared by natural groups as defining norms and values, which determine how they act and react in relation to risks and risk control systems. Richter & Koch (2004) The shared and learned meanings, experiences, and interpretations of work and safety, which guide peoples’ actions toward risks, accidents, and prevention. 3

Safety culture Safety culture Individual and group values Individual and group attitudes Commitment, style and proficiency in OSH management Determines Safety culture Individual and group perceptions Individual and group competencies Individual and group patterns of behaviour ACSNI (1993)

Safety culture maturity model basic elements 1 Management commitment and visibility 2 Communication 3 Productivity versus safety 4 Learning organization 5 Safety resources 6 Participation 7 Shared perceptions about safety 8 Trust 9 Industrial relations and job satisfaction 10 Training Fleming (2001)

Safety culture maturity models' stages

Positive safety culture requirements Communication Mutual trust Shared perceptions of the importance of safety Confidence in the efficacy of preventive measures HSE (1993)

Key ideas on safety culture Defines how a organization understands and behaves regarding OSH It’s not a Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) in itself, but is one of its most important components and should be consistent and aligned with the existing OSHMS Can be measured, audited and certified (according with specific criteria/standards) It can be developed, improved and, thus, matured. The improvement path is reflected on the progressive climing of the safety culture ladder sequential steps, each representing a different stage of maturity level, according to several maturity models The law does not provide for the employer’s obligation to develop a specific safety culture

Labour inspection main functions Labour inspection mandate Labour inspection main functions Monitor and control compliance with the law on labour relations and OSH Provide technical information and advice on the most effective ways to comply with laws Bring to the attention of the competent authority any defects or gaps on current legislation ILO Conventions 81 and 129

Labour inspection main activities 1 To promote the improvement of working conditions, through the monitoring and enforcement of legal provisions on labour relations and OSH 2 To provide information and technical advices to workers, employers and their representatives, on the best way to comply with the law 3 To promote and participate in the drafting and implementation of OSH policies and to suggest modifications in case of lack or inadequacy of legal acts 4 To collaborate with employers and workers or their organizations in the improvement of the working conditions 5 To determine to employers the implementation of the modifications necessary to ensure the OSH of workers and the adoption of the necessary OSH preventive measures (either immediately or within a prescribed period).

Labour inspection main activities 6 To promote actions and awareness-raising campaigns, in order to develop a safety culture (i.e. an occupational risk prevention culture) 7 To support public and private entities in the identification of occupational risks, in the application of preventive measures and in the organization 8 To carry out investigations and inquiries on work-related accidents and occupational diseases 9 To cooperate with other government services and public or private institutions engaged in similar activities 10 To participate with the Ministry of Education in the introduction of OSH materials in all degrees of education and vocational training

Enforcement of legal provisions Improvement of safety culture Labour inspection role on the improvement of safety culture Enforcement of legal provisions Promotion of OSH Improvement of safety culture Deterrence of non compliance Facilitation of compliance

Employers’ obligations Labour inspection major role on “enforcement” domain To enforce employers’ compliance with their main obligations on OSH To protect workers’ safety and health Employers’ obligations To take (and continuously adjust to changing circumstances) the measures to ensure workers’ OSH with strictly compliance with the GPP Avoid risks Evaluate the risks which cannot be avoided Combat risks at source Adapt the work to the individual Adapt to technical progress Replace the dangerous by non or less dangerous Develop a coherent overall prevention policy Give collective protective measures priority over individual Give appropriate instructions to the workers

Labour inspection major role on the “enforcement” domain To enforce employers’ compliance with their main obligations on OSH Improvement of OSH Provide prevention services Provide training Provide information Ensure consultation & participation Ensure health surveillance Risk avoidance Risk assessment Risk control - preventive measures Risk control - protective measures

Labour inspection main role on the “promotion” domain Safety culture improvement Information and technical advice Awareness-raising campaigns Promotion and execution of OSH policies Collaboration and support to workers, employers and other public and private entities

Final remarks Developing a specific safety culture is not mandatory by law, in spite of a positive safety culture being an expected result (e.g., employers’ obligations to inform, to train, and to ensure workers’ participation and consultation) Safety culture is not directly enforceable (in itself) by labour inspection - only legal provisions (e.g., infractions reflecting or resulting from poor safety culture) Compliance with the law is a necessary (but not sufficient) requirement of a positive safety culture A positive safety culture can (and should) be promoted by all OSH actors (workers, employers, public and private relevant players, including labour inspection)

Thank you for your attention! Gracias por su atención! Дякую за увагу! Thank you for your attention! Gracias por su atención! Obrigado pela vossa atenção! robalo@ilo.org