Classification Chapter 9 Notebook Page 111

Standard S7L1 Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically. a. Demonstrate the process for the development of a dichotomous key. b. Classify organisms based on a six-kingdom system and a dichotomous key.

Essential Questions What do scientists do when a new species is discovered? How and why are organisms grouped? Why have classification systems changed over time?

Classification – Page 112 Putting things into groups based on similar characteristics. What are some things that humans classify?

Why do we classify things? People classify things everyday to make life easier. What would life be like if grocery stores were not classified? How long would it take to find food? Scientists classify organisms to make answering scientific questions easier. What are the relationships between species? What differences exist among species?

How do we classify? Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming living organisms. Carolus Linnaeus was a scientist that began classifying and naming organisms based on similarities. Cladograms show the evolutionary similarities and differences between organisms. See page 223.

Branching Diagram (Cladogram) The more characteristics that organisms have in common the more closely related they are. These diagrams also show that these organisms have a common ancestor.

Cladogram Practice Sheet

Analyze the cladogram Page 114.

Levels of Classification There are many levels into which organisms are classified. Those levels are: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Mnemonic Can you develop a mnemonic for the seven levels of classification? Dumb Kids Prefer Candy Over Fancy Green Salad Create your own mnemonic on page 115 of your notebooks.

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Attach the table below to page 116 of your notebook. Highlight the levels of classification. Levels become more specific as you go down and more general as you go up.

Cobra Human Brown Spider Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Arthropods Class Reptilia Mammalia Arachnids Order Squamata Primates Araneae Family Elapidae Hominidae Loxoscelidae Genus Ophiophagus Homo Loxosceles Species hannah sapiens reclusa

Scientific Names Because of classification scientists can give organisms scientific names. We use common names for organisms but scientific names are important for communication with scientists that speak other languages. Organisms can have many common names but each organism has only one scientific name.

Scientific names are taken from the organisms classification. The genus and species level classifications are used to name organisms. Ex: Asian Elephant Scientific Name : Elephas maximus Must be written with genus name capitalized, and in italics. Genus Species Elephas Maximus