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It will run automatically when you press start slideshow from the beginning. NB: Some of the QWC style questions have more marks than 6 available this is to allow for students to see all of the possible marking points. This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL Club. It may not be copied, sold nor transferred to a third party or used by the school after membership ceases. Until such time it may be freely used within the member school. All opinions and contributions are those of the authors. The contents of this resource are not connected with nor endorsed by any other company, organisation or institution. Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. February 2016 www.pixl.org.uk The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number 07321607 © Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016

Question – Evolution of the atmosphere The Earth’s atmosphere has changed over the last 4 billion years. There are 3 distinct phases in the evolution of the atmosphere. QWC: Describe these 3 phases and explain why the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased in the last 200 years. (9 marks)

Answer – Evolution of the atmosphere Phase 1: During the first billion years of the Earth’s existence there was a great deal volcanic activity. This activity released the gases that formed the early atmosphere of mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour. The water vapour then condensed to form the oceans. Phase 2: Green plants evolved all over the Earth and as they photosynthesised they removed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produced oxygen. Phase 3: As the oxygen increased the ozone layer formed and more complex organisms evolved. The carbon dioxide in the air has increased because more fossils fuels have been burned in industry and homes and the carbon that was locked up in the fuels has reacted with the oxygen during burning.